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Transcript
ECOLOGY OF ECTOMYCORRHIZAL ASSOCIATIONS – RESEARCH IN NATURAL CONDITIONS D. Veselkin Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ekaterinburg, Russia Obligate mycotrophysm (fungi-depended nutrition) of the tree-plants from temperate zone is important characteristic its biology and ecology. Actually, in nature, it is not exists really and adapts for environment single plant, but symbiotic systems “plant – ectomycorrhizal fungi”. Accedence in a symbiosis amplifies adaptive ability both partners and permits them to play dominate role in forest ecosystems. Mechanism of the interrelation of trees with ectomycorrhizal fungi and different effects this interrelation is intensive studied, but now it is not enough information about way for achievement of symbiotic effect in natural condition. We have studied reaction ectomycorrhizas on environmental changes with several ecological gradients – range adjoin ecotope and use for it complex anatomic featured of ectomycorrhizal tips which estimates fettle of each symbiont. Object of studies is ectomycorrhizas of the boreal coniferous trees (Pinus, Picea, Abies). Determinate that construction of ectomycorrhizal tips is specific for different species of trees and characterized considerable variability. “Fine tuning” of tree absorbing apparat on actual ecological condition is executed by two modus. First modus: changes in ratio of ectomycorrhizal tips with fungal mantles of different structure (analogy – changes of species list in biological community). Second modus: changes of symbiont dimension and vitality. It, generally, brings to changes in ratio them volume (analogy – changes in a level of development and vitality of separate species individuals in ecological gradients). According our data, increasing of fungal component significance of the ectomycorrhizas is observed under deterioration of edaphic condition or linked with increase of press on absorbing organs of plants. The above allow to impeach a fact about appropriateness of absolute contraposition of the ecological functions controlled autotrophic (plants) and heterotrophic (symbiotic fungi) organisms. The work is carried out at support RFBR: projects №№ 04-04-96104 and 04-04-96107.