Download Chapter 2: The Earliest Human Societies pp

Lesson 2: “Learning to Farm and Raise Animals” pp.59-62
I Beginnings of Agriculture
A. By 9,000 B.C. humans domesticated sheep, goats, etc…
1.
2.
3. Used bones for tools
a. Harpoons, needles, etc…
B. By 8,000 B.C. Agricultural revolution
1. Humans learned to change their environment
a. Hunter-gatherers to farming
i.
ii. Created many tools for farming
d. Slash-and-burn agriculture
i
ii When soil was ruined farmers moved to new land
C. New tools  Better farming  Permanent settlements
1. Farming villages developed in river valleys w/ rich soil
a. Fertile soil = better crops
b. Villages grew to
c. Advantages & disadvantages to big villages
i.
ii.
iii Risks of fire, disease, & floods
II Farming around the world
A. Farming in river valleys w/ available water
B. African farmers 1st to use irrigation systems to water crops
C. Farming in Americas later than around the world
D. Farming  Settlements  Population growth