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Environmental Bio-Enzyme Notes Define “energy”: Energy is released or absorbed when bonds form or break “Reactants”: Elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction “Products”: Elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction Example of chemical reactions in the body: CO2 + H2O H2CO3 (carbonic acid) This reaction allows CO2 to be carried to your lungs much quicker When H2CO3 gets to your lungs, the reaction is reversed: H2CO3 CO2 + H2O Energy in reactions: Energy is released or absorbed when bonds form or break Exothermic: When energy is released in a reaction. Endothermic: When energy is absorbed in reaction. Plants get energy from sunlight to fuel reactions Animals get energy from their food Exothermic Endothermic Define “activation energy”: The energy needed to get a reaction started Give 3 examples of activation energy: 1) Striking a match 2) Turning the key for starting a car Define “enzymes”: Proteins that speed up reactions without being changed themselves When are they used?: To speed up chemical reactions are too slow or have high activation energies ** Enzymes are very specific- they only catalyze one type of reaction ** What is the “substrate”-The reactants that interact with enzymes What is the “active site”-Site of the chemical reaction. Explain the Lock and Key model: Enzyme=The Lock Key=The Substrate Enzymes can be affected by any variable that influences chemical reaction Work best at certain pH Affected by temperature Cells contain proteins that turn the enzymes “on” or “off” Denatured-When a protein loses it’s original shape and no longer the way it should.