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What is allopatric speciation? What is the bottleneck effect? Speciation that occurs due to physical or geographical isolation When a catastrophic event or a period of adverse conditions drastically reduces the size of a population What is disruptive selection? What is directional selection? A form of selection that operates in favour of extremes and against intermediate forms A form of selection that selects against one of two extremes and leads to a change in a trait over time What is the founder effect? What is meant by gene flow? A type of gene flow that occurs when The transfer of alleles that results a few individuals that have become from emigration and immigration of isolated from a larger population do individuals between populations not carry all the alleles that ere present in the original population What is genetic drift? A change in the gene pool of a population as a result of chance: usually occurs in small populations What does the term isolating mechanism mean? A mechanism that prevents organisms from mating or producing viable offspring What does the word immutable mean? Unchanging, the idea that species did not change over time What is macroevolution? The evolution of new groups of organisms comprising many related species through multiple speciation events, includes adaptive radiations What is microevolution? Any changes in the gene pool of a single population over a short time What is the morphological species concept? A way of defining a species using measurable anatomical criteria and characteristics Define natural selection What is a phylogenic tree? The process where individuals with certain inheritable traits survive and reproduce more successfully than other individuals, leading to evolutionary change in the population What is meant by a postreproductive isolating mechanism? A branching diagram showing the evolutionary relationships between species: groups joined together in the tree are believed to have descended from a common ancestor A mechanism that prevents fertilization occurring or an embryo developing into viable offspring if fertilization does occur. What are selection pressures? A mechanism that prevents organisms from being able to interact to reproduce Factors that influence the survival of an individual within a population The situation where males and females have different morphologies often in shape and size What is speciation? Define sympatric speciation The evolution of one or more new species from a ancestral species Speciation that occurs without physical or geographical isolation What is meant by a rereproductive isolating mechanism? What is sexual dimorphism? What does the term wildlife corridor mean? What is stabilizing selection? Natural selection that tends to A small area of preserved wilderness advantage organisms similar to their designed to connect larger reserves; parents; this usually occurs when the also known as a habitat or green environment is very stable and corridor unchanging and selects against extremes of phenotype Define DNA fingerprinting What is a niche? Also known as DNA profiling. It is based on patterns of non-coding, repeating base sequences in the genome. An organism’s habitat; or a way of life or function of an organism in its environment