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Present Participle: -ġ. Past Participle: -sġ. Future Participle: -(á)rg. Infinitive: -ö. Gerund: -íz, -jé. Person being: -uëdz. Person doing: -lüendz. Concrete object: -ar, r(a)-. Factitive: -ýþ. Abstract object: -an, n(ga)-. Denominative: -(n)y. Abstract: -æ. Causative: -(e)m, sj-, šj-, -(ä)né. Intensive: -(ü)íj, cġ-. Diminutive: -(ï)w, hġ-. Negation: -(i)h, -cġ, sġ-. No = hyhġ; Not = nyhġ; Never = suncġ. Affirmation: -(i)g, -nċ, šċ-. Yes = jähġ; Yeah = sjǽh; Always = sœcġ. Elative: -(e)árd, þj(ë)-. Comparative: -(i)jjé. Superlative: -(u)jjúë. Adverbial: -(ë)dz, eÿ-. First Person Pronouns: Singular Dual Plural Nominative nah noh núh Accusative næ nœ nü Dative næh nœh nur Ablative narh nörh núrh Genitive næš nœsġ nurs Adjective nœš nüsġ nürs Locative närz norš nurz Dual Plural Nominative jeah jaoh jeuh Accusative jǽ jœr jü Dative jærh jœrh jur Ablative jarh järh júrh Genitive jæš josġ jaus Adjective jarš jusġ jeus Locative jërz jörš jurz Second Person Pronouns: Singular Third Person Pronouns: Singular Dual Plural Nominative sah, šah sao, zao zoh, šoh Accusative sæ, šæ seu, zeu zü, šü Dative sæh, šæh sœh, zœh zör, šör Ablative sarh, šarh sorh, zorh zúrh, šúrh Genitive sæš, šæš sésġ, zésġ zors, šors Adjective sœš, šœš sösġ, zösġ zürs, šürs Locative särz, šärz sorš, zorš sórz, šórz Third Person Demonstrative: Singular Dual Plural Nominative hjah, hċah hjao, hċao hjoh, hċoh Accusative hjæ, hċæ hjeu, hċeu hjü, hċü Dative hjæh, hċæh hjœh, hċœh hjör, hċör Ablative hjarh, hċarh hjorh, hċorh hjúrh, hċúrh Genitive hjæš, hċæš hjésġ, hċésġ hjors, hċors Adjective hjœš, hċœš hjösġ, hċösġ hjürs, hċürs Locative hjärz, hċärz hjorš, hċorš hjórz, hċórz Third Person Relative: -ës. Third Person Interrogative: Singular Dual Plural Nominative sjah, šjah sjao, šjao sjoh, šjoh Accusative sjæ, šjæ sjeu, šjeu sjü, šjü Dative sjæh, šjæh sjœh, šjœh sjör, šjör Ablative sjarh, šjarh sjorh, šjorh sjúrh, šjúrh Genitive sjæš, šjæš sjésġ, šjésġ sjors, šjors Adjective sjœš, šjœš sjösġ, šjösġ sjürs, šjürs Locative sjärz, šjärz sjorš, šjorš sjórz, šjórz Dual Plural Nominative mah moh múh Accusative mæ mœ mü Dative mæh mœh mur Ablative marh mörh múrh Genitive mæš mœsġ murs Adjective mœš müsġ mürs Locative märz morš murz Third Person Indefinite: Singular Reflexives: (-yhġ) Accusative ǽhġ Dative oihġ Genitive euhġ Adjective aohġ Obligatory masculine: -z, -a. Obligatory feminine: -t, -e. Obligatory neuter: -c, -u. Nouns and Adjectives: High (grief): Singular Dual Plural Nominative snerd snærd snurd Accusative snërd snärd snurd Dative snard snǽrd snürd Ablative snärd snord snœrd Genitive snerdz snardz snœrdz Adjective snærdz snordz snurdz Locative snærda snórda snürda Middle (weapon): Singular Dual Plural Nominative staostah stœstah ystistah Accusative staostæ stœstæ ystistæ Dative staostä stœstä ystistä Ablative staostar stœstar ystistar Genitive staostez stœstez ystistez Adjective staosteš stœsteš ystisteš Locative staostán stœstán ystistán Singular Dual Plural Nominative neenah neenoh neenúh Accusative neenæ neenœ neenü Dative neenæh neenœh neenur Ablative neenarh neenörh neenúrh Genitive neenæš neenœsġ neenurs Adjective neenœš neenüsġ neenürs Locative neenärz neenorš neenurz Low (valley): Verbs: High (steal): Present Preterite Future Perfect 1S nammah nemmeš nimies nœmih 2S nammar nemeíh nimiéh nœmir 3S nammaþ nemëiþ nimiedz nœmiþ 1D namang nemmen nimïe nœmig 2D namanh nemman nimïa nœmiċ 3D namand nemmist nimïu nœmid 1P nammë nemmï nimiäh nœmyh 2P nammä nemmë nimiär nœmyn 3P nammö nemmid nimiëþ nœmyst Indicative: Subjunctive: -y Imperative: -w/-ü Iterative: -(i)ppí Middle (destroy): Present Preterite Future Perfect 1S štaoštah štiešteš ištyšties jüštišteh 2S štaoštar štiešteíh ištyštiéh jüštištir 3S štaoštaþ štieštëiþ ištyštiedz jüštištiþ 1D štaoštang štiešten ištyštïe jüštištig 2D štaoštanh štieštan ištyštïa jüštištiċ 3D štaoštand štieštist ištyštïu jüštištid 1P štaoštë štieštï ištyštiäh jüštištyh 2P štaoštä štieštë ištyštiär jüštištyn 3P štaoštö štieštid ištyštiëþ jüštištyst Indicative: Subjunctive: -y Imperative: -w/-ü Iterative: -(i)ppí Low (lose): Present Preterite Future Perfect 1S baindah baindeš baindies baindih 2S baindar baindeíh baindiéh baindir 3S baindaþ baindëiþ baindiedz baindiþ 1D baindang bainden baindïe baindig 2D baindanh baindan baindïa baindiċ 3D baindand baindist baindïu baindid 1P baindë baindï baindiäh baindyh 2P baindä baindë baindiär baindyn 3P baindö baindid baindiëþ baindyst Indicative: Subjunctive: -y Imperative: -w/-ü Iterative: -(i)ppí Copulative Verb: Present Preterite Future Perfect 1S sæy hayë yssah ieš 2S saïh hayæ yssus iešġ 3S sæín hayed yssiþ iešt 1D sæïh haïn yssan ooš 2D saïnh haïna yssun oošġ 3D sæínd haïnu yssin oošt 1P sǽye haijé aššah üiš 2P sǽya haijá aššur üišġ 3P sǽyo haijó aššid üišt Indicative: Subjunctive: -y Imperative: -w/-ü Infinitive: saö Present Participle: uÿhġ Past Participle: hayšġ Future Participle: sjǽrg Word Formation: Dog >> Wolf = ærkah >> arkarah. Dog >> Puppy = ærkah >> yrkyrah. Library = biedah (book) + wärþ (hall) >> biedürþah. Person being (work > workman): beezuëdz. Person doing (work > worker): beezolüendz. Concrete object (work > tool): beezar. Abstract object (work > labour): ngabeeza. Abstract (work > deed): beezæ. Causative (work > enslave): beezem; beezähé (hire for work). Causative by verb: beezah > bebeezah; gabeezah (set to work). Intensive (work > divine labour): beezüíj. Diminutive (work > domestic chore): beezïw. Noun > Adjective: work > labourous = beezah > beeslah. Noun > Verb: work > labour = beezah > beestah. Verb > Adjective: lose > lost = baindah > bainþiah. Adjective > Noun: large > giant = mallah > mallogah. Verb > Noun: work > duty = swardah > swarstah. Adjective > Verb: large > expand = mallah > mallüah. Relative Particles: Where = bieh There = beiÿ Here = bæï When = nieh Then = neiÿ If = næï Whence = sæïh Thence = sœíÿ Hence = sǽï Wherefore = bïnih Therefore = bÿneÿ Herefore = benáï Which = haoÿh Whether = hæjjáh How = njï Because = hobow Why = æÿ Adverbial Particles: Also = noff Behold = hëow Although = hénáw Former = ġæff Always = sínów Other = njœss Enough = fïlþ Another = nayss Even = ëla Very = leu Ever = ëna Such = hċow Further = fǽrġ Already = stieör Near = jærġ Many = haleÿ Now = newei Few = næm Soon = mjeyþ Some = ċämp Though = domeÿ Sure = hjæw Adpositions & Conjunctions: About = šusċ With = nocs Above = olïú, mæz For = nosk And = näh Across = ngaš From = jauff Nor = hġär Again = sorhġ By = ïšt But = šœh Ahead = todœ Beside = heyn Or = är Along = þúrċ Before = eywyn Yet = sühġ Among = sœncġ After = aujan So = ieþ Behind = ennor Beyond = kah Either = beynah Below = elíü Away = eem Neither = beyġæh For = näss Toward = oom In = yng Between = heím Of = au Against = müss Off = söhċ Out = ëng On = hähġ, ung As = áhċ Over = eeps Like = sïcġ Through = njœš, nërš Under = oops Upon = nócġ Numerals: 0 = cġah 1 = nær 2 = šjohġ 3 = þjanh 4 = ngǽk 5 = šænt 6 = šünc 7 = sjarh 8 = hjöng 9 = ġälh 10 = ġalner 11 = ġalšjöġ 13 = ġalþjen 14 = ġalgak 15 = ġalšën 16 = ġalšük 17 = ġalsjér 18 = ġaljong 19 = ġalġal 20 = ÿlÿlner 21 = ÿlÿlšjog …. 30 = ÿllÿgšjoh 40 = lÿllÿġþing 50 = lillilgæk 100 = hainëa 1000 = cämby 1000000 = hġeþs First = nærþs Second = šjöhþs Third = þjanþs …. Once = snærċ Twice = kšjohċ Thrice = stjanċ ….