Download How to Master Regents Section IVA

How to Master Regents Section IVA
The following grammatical ideas have been tested in the last 5 Regents Exams. I have
arranged them based on a combination of the frequency with which they appear
combined with the relative difficulty of learning/remembering them. So focus on
understanding these things first. Basic things like knowing your case endings, adjective
agreement, and whether a verb ending is singular or plural; past,present,future;
indicative,subjunctive,or imperative; or active or passive, etc. can be reviewed a few
minutes everyday simply by scanning and self-testing yourself with your GLG. And yes,
do this, pretty please, with sugar on top. There really are few enough items that, if you
study a little bit daily, there is no reason why each of you can’t get at least 8 out of 10 on
this section of the Regents; and knowing all there is to know about these grammatical
ideas will undoubtedly spill over to the other sections of the Regents as well. I fully
expect many of you to do better than 90 overall, as long as you follow along and stay on
top of your preparation.
Ablatives
1.Ablative Absolute. In Regents almost always located at the beginning of a sentence,
most often accompanied by a participle, especially a perfect passive participle.
Additionally, the most frequently tested ablative use in section IVA and sure to appear in
the other sections as well.
2003
50 Cibö ______, omnës cupidë edunt.
(1) parärï (3) paräre
(2) parätö (4) paräns
2004
51 ______vïsö, puerï ë silvä confügërunt.
(1) Lupus (3) Lupörum
(2) Lupï (4) Lupö
2005
45 Hostibus ___________, urbs tüta erat.
(1) vincentem (3) victï sunt
(2) victïs (4) vincendï sunt
2006
50 Mënsä _______, Mïdäs cupidë ëdit.
(1) parätä (3) paräbätur
(2) paräre (4) paräta est
Ablative Absolute Practice
http://www.abney.homestead.com/files/latin2semester2/ablabsjudgmentparis.htm
2.Ablative of Agent with a/ab + agent and passive verb
2002
52 Pars urbis__________ dëlëbätur.
(1) barbarus (3) barbarös
(2) ä barbarïs (4) barbaram
Sometimes in an ablative of agent sentence, the blank space will require a passive verb
form such as in 2004 below. The key, normally, is simply to know if the subject, which
will (almost) ALWAYS appear at the beginning of a Regents sentence, is singular or
plural and then simply match it with a singular passive form. Often, as below, there will
only be one or two passive forms available, and one form can be ruled out because it
won’t agree in number with the subject.
2004
52 Nostra urbs _______bene ä mïlitibus .
(1) dëfensa est (3) dëfenderätis
(2) dëfensï sumus (4) dëfendëbant
3.Ablative of Means
2004
46 Marcus hostem_______ vulneräverat.
(1) gladius (3) gladium
(2) gladiö (4) gladiös
4.Ablative of Comparison
2003
46 Cornëlia nunc fortior est______ .
(1) frätrës (3) frätre
(2) frätris (4) frätrem
In contrast with the –ior(‘-er’) + (than)noun ablative method of comparison above, one
can make a comparison by using –ior(’-er’) + quam(‘than’) + noun nominative as below:
2005
44 Iülia est altior quam ___________ .
(1) soror (3) soröris
(2) sorörem (4) sorörï
5.Ablative of Time When or Within Which
47 Librï tertiö_________ redditï sunt.
(1) diem (3) diës
(2) dië (4) diëbus
Ablatives with a Preposition Practice
http://artemis.austincollege.edu/acad/cml/rcape/latin/22/ablativephrase1.htm
Ablatives without a Preposition Practice(means, respect, etc.)
http://artemis.austincollege.edu/acad/cml/rcape/latin/22/ablativephrase2.htm
Complimentary Infinitive with certain verbs
(nolo,volo,malo,possum,debeo,iubeo etc.)Know principle parts of these verbs since
sometimes they appear in different tenses, e.g., iussit in 2004 below
[iubeo,iubere,iussi,iussus].Also be familiar with the imperatives of nolo: Singular: noli
'don't;literally, 'be unwilling(to)'; Plural: nolite
2002
44 Nölïte circum vïllam______, lïberï!
(1) currere (3) cucurrï
(2) current (4) currëns
2005
48 Nölïte ___________ librös, discipulï!
(1) iaciunt (3) iaciëbat
(2) iaciendö (4) iacere
2003
44 Hic örätor magnä vöce______ debet.
(1) clämävërunt (3) clämäre
(2) clämävï (4) clämantës
2004
45 Cicerö servös______ aquam iüssit.
(1) portante (3) portandïs
(2) portäbunt (4) portäre
2002
50 Discipulï dïligenter_______ volëbant.
(1) legissent (3) legunt
(2) legite (4) legere
2006
52 Senätor reï püblicae______ voluit.
(1) servïte (3) servienda
(2) servit (4) servïre
Complimentary Infinitive Practice
http://www.quia.com/jg/535797.html
http://www.wheelockslatin.com/chapters/six/index.html
http://www.usu.edu/markdamen/Latin1000/Chapters/06ch.htm
http://www.quia.com/rr/210345.html
Prepositions
2002
43 Fëminae ad_______ vënërunt.
(1) templï (3) templörum
(2) templö (4) templum
2006
43 Duae legiönës per_______ iter faciëbant.
(1) prövinciam (3) prövinciärum
(2) prövinciae (4) prövinciä
2003
43 Icarus per_______ volävit.
(1) caelum (3) caelö
(2) caelï (4) caelïs
2004
43 Lïberï ad_____ currëbant.
(1) arborï (3) arbor
(2) arborem (4) arbore
2005
50 Marcus sine ___________ träns pontem
ambuläbat.
1) equum (3) equï
(2) equus (4) equö
2002
49 Herculës labörës sine________suscëpit.
(1) auxilium (3) auxiliörum
(2) auxiliö (4) auxilia
Preposition Practice
http://www.math.ohio-state.edu/~econrad/lang/lprep.html
Lists what all the propositions could be used for (agent, position, ect…)
http://quizlet.com/set/6373/
Lists all the propositions, what they take, and definition
http://www.quia.com/jw/64020.html
A quiz
http://www.dl.ket.org/latin1/review/prepositions/guide.htm
Relative Pronouns: qui,quae,quod
The key to understanding relative pronouns is that each relative pronoun has its own
function in its own clause. One way to understand this is to put brackets before the
relative pronoun and after the verb in its clause. Simply ask yourself what is missing in
each sentence and that will tell you what case the relative pronoun should be in.
Remember that the relative pronoun will only agree with its antecedent in NUMBER and
GENDER . For example below:
2002
5
I saw the boy(the main clause is complete)[who carried the small dog].
The bracketed relative clause has a singular verb—portavit, and a direct object
accusative—parvum canem. The bracketed sentence has a verb and a direct object but is
missing a subject. Qui is the only nominative singular masculine word in the sentence. If
the sentence had said puellam instead of puerum, then the answer could have been quae.
2002
5 Vïdï puerum[______ parvum canem portävit].
(1) quibus (3) quï
(2) quae (4) quös
2003
51
The antecedent, legati , is plural masculine. There are only two choices that can be
plural, but quae is feminine, therefore qui is the only possibility.
2003
51 Lëgätï,[ __Römä pröfectï erant], ab
hostibus captï sunt.
(1) quï (3) quem
(2) cuï (4) quae
2005
52
Notice that the verb of the bracketed clause is plural expulserunt and that there is a plural
subject Romani . The bracketed clause has a subject and a verb that requires a direct
object. The only accusative choice is quem.
2005
52 Tarquinius erat rex[ __________ Römänï
Expulsërunt].
(1) quem (3) cui
(2) cuius (4) quö
2006
45
Equi is plural masculine. The relative pronoun must be plural masculine. There is only
one choice, quos.
2006
45 Equï,[_____ vidëtis], mihi sunt.
(1) quös (3) quae
(2) quö (4) quärum
As you can see, some sentences are easier than others.
Relative Pronoun Practice
http://www.dl.ket.org/latin2/grammar/
http://www.usu.edu/markdamen/Latin1000/Chapters/17ch.htm
http://www.flashcardexchange.com/memory?cards=7751179,7751180,7751181,7751182,
7751183,7751184,7751185,7751186,7751187,7751188,7751189,7751190,7751206,7751
207,7751208,7751209,7751210,7751211,7751212,7751213,7751214,7751215,7751216,7
751217
Indirect Statement
2003
49 Scïmus Antönium et Lücium
amïcös________.
(1) esse (3) fuï
(2) sunt (4) fuërunt
2005
43 Magister putat lïberös ___________ .
(1) laböräre (3) labörent
(2) labörävërunt (4) laböräbunt
2006
44 Vir scïvit uxörem së_______ .
(1) amävit (3) amäre
(2) amävisset (4) amätï essent
Subjunctives:
Nota bene: By far, if not always, the most common tense asked for with the subjunctive
mood on the Regents is the IMPERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE. In rare instances where
they answer is present subjunctive, it will be from either sum =sim,sis,sit,simus,sitis,sint
or possum=possim,possis,possit,possimus,possitis,possint as in 'Clauses with UT' 2006
below.
1.Clauses with UT
2002
46 Agricolae pervënërunt ut lüdös________ .
(1) videt (3) videndï
(2) vidëre (4) vidërent
2003
52 Leö erat tam ferus ut omnës
_______.
(1) terrendï (3) terrëbö
(2) terrëret (4) territum
2004
47 Cïvës properäbant ut gladiätörës_______ .
(1) vidërent (3) vïdisse
(2) vidëns (4) vidërï
2005
46 Tam celeriter cucurrit ut nëmö eum superäre
___________.
(1) potest (3) poterat
(2) posse (4) posset
2006
49 Nihil tam facile est ut sine laböre id facere_______ .
(1) possumus (3) posse
(2) potuimus (4) possïmus
2.CUM clauses
2003
45 Cum discipulus stilum nön____ ,
scrïbere nön poterat.
(1) habëre (3) habuï
(2) habëbämus (4) habëret
3. Indirect Questions.The formula for this is that there will be a question word: eg., cur
'why', quid 'what', quomodo 'how', quando 'when', quis 'who', etc. and the word in the
blank will be a subjunctive form,most commonly an imperfect subjunctive form.
2002
48 Rogävërunt cür______ Claudia misera .
(1) esset (3) erämus
(2) esse (4) fuerant
4.Past Contrafactual Conditions. The formula is: Si verbISSE-, blah blah verbISSEFor example: Si Brutus Tarquinium non necavISSEt, nulla res publica fuISSEt. 'If
Brutus had not killed Tarquinius, there would have been no republic.' The formula for
translation is 'If had verbed, would have verbed'.
2002
51 Sï gladiätor fortius pugnävisset,________ .
(1) vïcit (3) vïcisset
(2) vincet (4) vincere
2004
50 Sï imperätor_______ , patriam servävisset.
(1) vënërunt (3) veniämus
(2) vënisset (4) venïte
2005
47 Sï Cicerö vïxisset, rem püblicam ___________.
(1) serväbit (3) servävisset
(2) serväbat (4) servat
2006
47 Sï Püblius celerius cucurrisset, suum amïcum _________.
(1) vïcisset (3) vincere
(2) vïcerint (4) victus
Various Subjunctive Exercises
http://www.abney.homestead.com/files/latin2semester2/subjunctivepractice0522_page.htm
http://www.abney.homestead.com/files/latin2semester2/2ndsubjunctivepractice0502_page.htm
Imperative/Vocative Connection.
The first thing to look for is that the Regents will always punctuate an imperative
sentence with a ‘!’. The imperative ALWAYS begins the sentence.The Regents nearly
always includes a noun in the vocative case in an imperative sentence. Remember that
the vocative form is simply the nominative form of the noun with the following two
exceptions: if the noun is a 2nd declension masculine proper name ending in -us the
vocative ending is -e.[Brutus, et tu, Brute], or if the nound is a 2nd declension masculine
proper name endin in -ius, the vocative ending is -i[Publius, et tu, Publi]
2003
48 Venï nöbïscum,_____ !
(1) Marcö (3) Marcus
(2) Marcum (4) Marce
2006
51 Pugnä, ______, magnä cum audäciä!
(1) Marcus (3) Marcï
(2) Marce (4) Marcö
2005
51 Spectä, ___________, gladiätörës in arënä!
(1) Lücius (3) Lüciö
(2) Lücï (4) Lücium
2004
49 “ ______librös, discipulï!” clämävit magister.
(1) Aperï (3) Aperïte
(2) Aperïrï (4) Aperiuntur
Accusative of Extent of time
2006
46 Ulixës per orbem terrärum______ errävit.
(1) decem annï (3) decimus annus
(2) decem annös (4) decimï annï
Present Active Participles
Nearly always in nominative case and masculine or feminine. –ns for singular –ntes for
plural. It is a verbal adjective and so must agree in case, number, and gender. The trick
is usually that it simply agrees in number with the Subject of the sentence, which is
almost always right at the beginning of a sentence in the Regents. In rare instances where
the participle agrees with a neuter noun, it ends in –ns in singular and –ntia in plural
nominative.
2003
47 Nuntiï , _______litteräs, ad imperätörem
vënërunt.
(1) portä (3) portävisset
(2) portantës (4) portante
Basic Noun Practice
1st Declension
http://www.abney.homestead.com/files/latin1semester2/1stdeclension1.htm
2nd Declension masculine
http://www.abney.homestead.com/files/latin1semester2/2nddeclensionmasc1.htm
2nd Declension neuter
http://www.abney.homestead.com/files/latin1semester2/2nddeclensionneut1.htm
Assorted Games
Van Alstyne High School Latin Club
http://www.vanalstyneisd.org/Latinpg/game.html
http://www.vanalstyneisd.org/Latinpg/vocab.html
Vocabulary
http://www.classicsunveiled.com/romevd/html/game.html
Derivatives
http://www.classicsunveiled.com/romevd/html/game01.html