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RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES
BANGALORE, KARNATAKA
ANNEXURE II
PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECT FOR
DISSERTATION
1
NAME OF THE
CANDIDATE AND
MS. NIRMALA JOSHY,
I YEAR M.Sc. NURSING,
B.G.S. COLLEGE OF NURSING
ADDRESS (IN BLOCK
2
LETTERS)
MYSORE-23
NAME OF THE
B.G.S.COLLEGE OF NURSING
INSTITUTION
3.
KUVEMPUNAGAR
SCIENCES, MYSORE.
COURSE OF STUDY
AND SUBJECT
M.Sc. NURSING
CHILD HEALTH NURSING.
4.
DATE OF ADMISSION
5.
TITLE OF THE TOPIC:
15.06.2010
A STUDY TO EVALUATE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SELF
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE RELATED TO KNOWLEDGE AND
ATTITUDE AMONG PRIMI MOTHERS ON MANAGEMENT OF
MINOR AILMENTS OF NEWBORN IN SELECTED HOSPITALS
AT MYSORE.”
INTRODUCTION:
“Whose eyes sparkle like the stars?
Whose smile outshines the sun?
Whose skin is soft as the moon glow?
Our precious little one!”
Kids brighten up our life and home with their soulful laughter,
childish talks and unlimited energy. neonates or newborn are the most delicate group
among kids as they are not able to express their feelings of happiness, sad, pain or
discomfort and their systems are immature ,just starting to adjust to the extra uterine life.
It is very difficult to see a newborn crying when he or she is sick. They are the heart and
the soul of their parents, a precious gift to them after a long expectation of nine months.
Mothers are angels in disguise, always there for a family, silently
supporting each family members and building up the future generations of the society and
building up a good family. Being a mother for the first time is a wonderful and exciting
feeling for any women in her life. Once she comes to know that she is going to be a
mother, she stars preparing for motherhood and waits patiently and expectantly for her
baby.
Most mothers observe their babies carefully. A mother child bond is
being developed soon after the baby is brought to the mother1.
As she observes her baby, she might often get worried by minor
physical and physiological peculiarities of the baby. This may include milia, Mongolian
spot, sneezing, hiccups, napkin rash, acne, cradle cap, colic etc…2
These may be very alarming for a mother especially for a first time
mother. When parents have the responsibility for a baby, it is only natural for them to
want to protect them as much as possible from sickness and to deal with any signs of
sickness quickly. This is perhaps one of the most difficult parts of baby care, as it can be
difficult to find the balance between allowing the sickness to take the natural course or
rushing to the doctor at every hint of a minor ailment.
She must be listened to carefully and given reassurance and advice
regarding minor problems and difficulties of the newborn. Adequate explanation and
reassurance is necessary to allay her anxiety which may lead to lactation failure.
BRIEF RESUME OF INTENDED WORK:
6.1 Need for the study:
There are various minor health problems a newborn will suffer at
some point of life, especially in the neonatal period. Some of them requires no
management, it goes off by itself. some require simple management which can even be
done at home, while others requires doctor’s consultation or medical or nursing
interventions. Mother’s have to be aware of this. Unless, she is going to be aware of the
minor ailments and their management, she is going to get worried about her newborn
which is again going to affect her baby adversely. It is worth bearing in mind that for
minor ailments, there are some home remedies that will help the baby to get rid of that.
A study on knowledge, attitude and practice of neonatal care among
post natal mothers in a tertiary care hospital in south India, during April –July 2009,
among 100 postnatal mothers concluded that knowledge of mother’s was inadequate in
areas of umbilical cord care (35%) thermal care (76%) and vaccine preventable diseases.
19% of them still practice oil instillation into the nostrils of newborn and 61% of them
administer gripe water to their babies. The study concluded that awareness and attitude of
postnatal mothers towards neonatal care has lots of lacunae especially in those who
belong to the lower socio-economic status and that there is a scope for improvement by
providing better care and health education for antenatal mothers3.
Another study was conducted on Hispanic mothers' beliefs and
practices
regarding
selected
children's
health
problems.
The purpose of this study was to identify and describe the Hispanic mothers' initial
sources of advice and help with children's illnesses; beliefs about the etiology and
seriousness of certain children's illnesses, namely, fever, cough, diarrhea, vomiting,
conjunctivitis, skin rash, minor wounds, and burns; practices for the management of these
children's health problems, including the use of home remedies, if any. Interviews were
conducted with 100 women of Hispanic origin who had at least one child age 5 years or
less and who were attending a community clinic in a rural area of central California.
Mothers' beliefs about problem etiologies varied widely and revealed several
misconceptions, folk beliefs, and lack of knowledge. The findings also revealed that only
32% of the mothers used or would use health professionals as the initial source of advice
or help with children's problems. The majority of the subjects (81%) admitted to using
home remedies to manage children's problems; 17% sought the help of a folk healer
(mainly for the treatment of empacho). The various types of home remedies used by
mothers were described and included the ingestion or application of certain foods, fluids,
herbal teas, or other materials as well as methods to eliminate the perceived causes of the
problems. It is important to note that 11% of the mothers had used azarcon or greta
(substances containing lead) for treating empacho and other stomach problems in
children. The need for culturally responsive and sensitive health care is discussed4.
Another study on Symptoms were assessed in 298 infants under 6
months old seen at home by Thornton AJ, etal was done. In that their mothers were asked
if they were concerned about their babies and then questioned about the presence,
duration, and severity of 28 predefined symptoms. Forty seven mothers expressed
concern about their babies (16%), whereas on direct questioning 241 (81%) reported
symptoms present within the last 24 hours. One hundred and twenty three (41%) reported
three or more. Many of the symptoms occurred in more than 15 babies (5%). The
commonest were cold peripheries (117, 39%), noisy breathing (88, 30%), and rash (68,
23%)5.
A study on an overview of Diaper dermatitis, by Prasad H.R.,Verma .K
and Srivastava .P. concluded that , it probably results due to an interaction of multiple
factors like increased wetness, elevated pH due to urine, fecal enzymes and
microorganisms under the nappy. It manifests as an erythematous rash occurring on the
convex surfaces of skin under the nappy. Rashes resembling nappy dermatitis can also be
caused by some diseases which may have serious systemic manifestations. Therefore it is
essential to differentiate and treat them. The principle of treatment of diaper dermatitis is
to keep the skin in the nappy area as dry as possible with frequent nappy change. The
super absorbent disposable diapers are known to reduce the incidence of diaper
dermatitis. Barrier creams to protect the infant's skin and mild topical corticosteroids to
reduce the inflammation are mainstays of therapy. The incidence and severity can be
reduced by keeping the skin dry under the nappy and protected from irritants and
infections6.
A study by Atherton on maintaining healthy skin in infancy using prevention
of irritant diaper dermatitis concluded that irritant napkin dermatitis is a form of contact
dermatitis that occurs in the nappy area as a consequence of the disruption of skin barrier
integrity by prolonged contact with feces and urine. It is a condition that still occurs
regularly in young children, and is best managed by prevention. In this update, we will
consider the reasons that irritant napkin dermatitis develops, and the simple methods that
parents can adopt to avert it. These methods are equally appropriate for general skin care
in babies, with the aim of preventing atopic dermatitis, another exceedingly common skin
problem in this age group7.
Another study on Neonatal dermatology at tertiary care
teaching hospital by Muhammad Javed found that All children under the age of 28 days,
with dermatological problems visiting either Pediatric or Dermatology ward/OPD/
Emergency of Hamdard University Hospital were included in the study, these cases were
seen by pediatricians & confirmed by the dermatologist. The history was followed by a
general physical and systemic examination and detailed skin examination. Relevant
investigations were done including blood cultures. 77 cases below the age of 28 days
(neonates) were seen during the study period, there were 26 cases of neonatal skin
infections (33.76%), 13 cases of hereditary disorders (16.88%), 12 cases of nappy rash
(15.58%), 10 cases of erythema toxicum neonatorum 9.8%), 8 cases of milia (10,38%)
and 4 cases of erythema following phototherapy(5.19%)8.
An article by Chandramita Bora on neonatal acne says “It has
been observed that almost 20% of the newborn babies can get acne, which is also known
as neonatal acne and acne infantum within a few weeks after their birth. The incidence of
neonatal or baby acne has been found to be more in baby boys than baby girls.” 9
Another study conducted by N.Singh and Purtthi P.K, Sachdev
A. etal on disposable diapers: safe and effective method, in 2003, concluded that nappy
rash is a common problem in infants due to their thinner skin, wetness, heat and friction
under cloth nappy, fecal enzymes and alkaline urine. The disposable diapers containing
super absorbent material reduce the incidence of nappy rash. 10
In 2009, a University of Texas study observed that colicky babies
had a higher incidence of mild intestinal inflammation and a specific intestinal bacterium,
Klebsiella. But, a commentary in the same journal, noted that the inflammation and
bacteria were most likely just an exaggerated variation of normal.10
In order to bridge the gap in knowledge and the mothers be free of
unnecessary anxiety over the minor ailments of newborn they need to be adequately
informed and given support and counseling
6.2 Review of Literature:
Literature review is an essential step in the whole process of
research. The term review of literature refers to the activities involving in identifying and
searching for information on a topic and developing an understanding of the state of
knowledge on that topic. It is also used to designate a written summary of the state of the
art on a research problem.
The review of literature has been divided into following headings

Review of literature on nappy rash

Review of literature on colic in newborn

Review of literature on neonatal acne
1. Review of literature on nappy rash
A study was conducted in USA on Skin care in the NICU patient: effects of
wipes versus cloth and water on stratum corneum integrity. New Zealand to test that baby
diaper wipes with emollient cleansers and a soft cloth would minimize skin compromise
relative to cloth and water. 130 NICU infants (gestational age 23-41 weeks, at enrollment
30-51 weeks), measurements of skin condition, i.e., skin erythema, skin rash,
transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and surface acidity (pH), within the diaper and at
diaper and chest control sites were determined daily for 5-14 days using standardized
methods. Experimental design was used and Treatments were randomly assigned based
on gestational age and starting skin irritation score A, wipe B, and the current cloth and
water NICU. Data were collected by using experimental method and were analyzed using
descriptive statistics. Findings of the study showed that Perineal erythema and TEWL
were significantly lower for wipes A and B than cloth and water beginning at day 5 for
erythema and day 7 for TEWL. Wipe B produced a significantly lower skin pH than
wipe A and cloth and water. The study concluded that the Both wipes are appropriate for
use on medically stable NICU patients, including both full and preterm infants, and
provide more normalized skin condition and barrier function versus the cloth and water
standard. Wipe B may facilitate acid mantle development and assist in colonization,
infection control and barrier repair11.
A study was conducted in USA on Clinical demonstration of skin
mildness and suitability for sensitive infant skin of a new baby wipe. To evaluate the skin
effects of a novel baby wipe formulation with increased pH buffering. Experimental
design was used A series of clinical studies was designed and conducted to evaluate the
skin effects of the new baby wipe, a 4-week study in babies with medically confirmed
atopic dermatitis (n = 32), a 2-week study comparing skin pH of babies (n = 15)
following use of wipes compared with water and wash cloth, a series of clinical skin pH
measurements following fecal exposure and subsequent cleaning with different products
(n = 50) and a study evaluating comfort of product application on irritated skin (n = 31)
and the samples were selected by random sampling technique. The findings showed that
The wipes formulation was well-tolerated, even in babies with atopic dermatitis, and was
more comfortable versus water and washcloth. Increased buffering capacity of a wet
wipes lotion helps to maintain a physiologically balanced skin pH value in the diaper
region.12
A Comparative study was conducted in Europe to determine the
clinical benefits of a novel disposable diaper designed to deliver a zinc oxide and
petrolatum-based formulation continuously to the skin during use. All studies were
independent, blinded, randomized clinical trials. Study A was conducted to confirm
transfer of the zinc oxide/petrolatum (ZnO/Pet) formulation from the diaper to the child's
skin during use. Study C evaluated skin erythema and diaper rash in 268 infants over a 4week usage period. One half of the infants used the ZnO/Pet diaper, while the other half
used a control diaper that was identical except for the absence of the ZnO/Pet
formulation. The results showed the ointment formulation and ZnO transferred
effectively from the diaper to the child's skin during product use. Transfer of ZnO
increased from 4.2 microg/cm2 at 3 h to > 8 microg/cm2 at 24 h. Greatest reductions
were seen for the ZnO containing formulations. Wearing of the formulation treated diaper
was also associated with a significant reduction in skin erythema and diaper rash
compared to the control product.. The results demonstrated the clinical benefits
associated with continuous topical administration of a zinc oxide/petrolatum-based
formulation by this novel diaper13.
A study was conducted in Europe, to determine the clinical benefits of a
novel disposable diaper designed to deliver a petrolatum-based formulation continuously
to the skin during use. Two independent, blinded, randomized clinical trials were
conducted, involving an aggregate total of 391 children, 8-24 months of age. All
comparisons were done versus a control diaper, identical to the test product except for the
absence of the petrolatum formulation. The studies determined the effects of the novel
diaper on skin erythema and diaper rash using a convenience sample. The results were
use of the formulation-treated diaper was associated with significant reductions in
severity of erythema and diaper rash compared to the control product. The study
concluded that clinical benefits associated with continuous topical administration of a
petrolatum-based formulation by this novel diaper.14
Another study on frequency and contributory factors in hospital
attending children was done in UK to better understand the frequency of diaper
dermatitis, treatment practices and the current importance of previously identified
etiologic factors was done. Research design was descriptive. A questionnaire survey
method of parents who had children wearing diapers (n==532) attending a UK general
hospital was undertaken. Results were that at the time of survey, only 16% of the study
population had diaper dermatitis. 48% of the study population had never had an episode
of diaper dermatitis. In a multivariate analysis current diaper dermatitis was
independently associated with 4 factors: presence of oral thrush, number of previous
episodes, frequency of diaper changes and diarrhea. Recurrent episodes of diaper
dermatitis were associated with increasing age, lack of barrier cream use, current diaper
rash and frequency of diaper changes. The study concluded that diaper dermatitis usually
presents and is treated successfully outside the hospital setting and is not a common
clinical problem in secondary care.15
2.
Review of literature on colic in newborn
A study was conducted in USA on new strategies for the treatment of
colic: modifying the parent/infant interaction to validate the effectiveness of behavior
modification in treating colicky infants. A quasi-experimental design with an untreated
control group and a pretest and posttest was used for the study. Twenty-three infants were
randomly assigned to intervention, nonintervention, and control groups. Crying diaries
kept by the parents were used to obtain quantitative measurements of crying before and
after intervention. The Nursing Child Assessment Feeding Scale (NCAFS) was used to
measure parent/infant interaction. The results were crying was significantly reduced from
3.79 hours per day to 1.12 hours per day among infants whose parents received
interventions of individualized counseling and education. Caregivers of colicky infants in
the intervention group scored lower on the NCAFS. The study concluded that crying can
be reduced by modifying parental responses to the infant.16
Another study was conducted in USA on excessively crying infant in
the family: mother-infant, father-infant and mother-father interaction to find out the
relationship between family interaction and colic in infants. Mother-infant, father-infant
and mother-father interaction in 32 families with an excessively crying infant and in 30
control families were studied. The group with excessive criers was divided further into
subgroups of severe colic (n=13) and moderate colic (n=19). The three dyads of the
family were video-recorded when the infants were an average of 5 weeks old. The
assessment was carried out during the infant's feeding, nappy change and discussion
between the parents. During the assessment, only four infants were crying. The Parent
Child Early Relational Assessment Scale and the Beavers Scale were used. The results
were that both parents of colicky infants had less optimal parent-child interaction
compared with the control parents. The father-infant interaction was less optimal in 13
items of 65 (20%) in the severe colic group, in one item of 65 (2%) in the moderate colic
group and in none of the items in the control group. The mother-infant interaction was
less optimal in six items out of 65 (9%) in the severe colic group, in three items out of 65
(5%) in the moderate colic, and in none of the items in the control group. Severely
colicky infants were also less competent in interacting with their parents. In addition,
interaction between the parents was more often dysfunctional in the severe colic group.
The study concluded that the problems in early family interaction may threaten the wellbeing of families with excessively crying infants and they therefore deserve special
attention from the health care professionals.17
A study conducted was in America, on excessive infant crying: the
impact of varying definitions to assess the impact of varying definitions of excessive
crying and infantile colic on prevalence estimates and to assess to what extent these
definitions comprise the same children. Parents of 3345 infants aged 1, 3, and 6 months
were interviewed on the crying behavior of their infant in a Dutch cross-sectional
national population-based study. The results were Overall prevalence rates of excessive
crying varied strongly between definitions, from 1.5% to 11.9%. They were always
highest in 1-month-old infants. The study concluded that: Different definitions of
excessive crying lead to the inclusion of very dissimilar groups of infants. We
recommend presenting study results using clearly described definitions, preferably
concerning both duration of crying and parental distress. This may improve the
comparability of studies on the cause and treatment of excessive infant crying. The
impact of the method of data collection on this comparability needs additional study
colic, preventive child health care, prevention, infancy.18
Another study was conducted in Netherlands, on prevalence of parental
behavior to diminish the crying of infants that may lead to abuse to estimate the
prevalence of parental actions to stop infant crying that may threaten infant health, and to
determine specific risk groups regarding these actions. Before their visit to a well-baby
clinic in the Netherlands, parents of 3345 infants aged 1-6 months (96.5% response)
filled out an anonymous questionnaire on actions that they undertook to stop their child
crying. The results of the study was at 6 months, 5.6% of all the parents reported having
smothered, slapped, or shaken their infant at least once because of its crying. The highest
risks for detrimental parental actions were run by infants of parents from nonindustrialized countries, of parents with no or only a part-time job, and of parents who
had judged their infant's crying as excessive. The study concluded that Clinicians should
be aware of the observed risk factors for abuse of young children known to cry a lot, in
order to help parents to cope with this crying.19
A study was conducted in Britain on systematic review of
effectiveness of treatments for infantile colic to evaluate the effectiveness of diets, drug
treatment, and behavioral interventions on infantile colic in trials with crying or the
presence of colic as the primary outcome measure. Research design was experimental.
Controlled clinical trials identified by a highly sensitive search strategy in Medline
(1966-96), Embase (1986-95), and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, in
combination with reference checking for further relevant publications. Two independent
assessors selected controlled trials with interventions lasting at least 3 days that included
infants younger than 6 months who cried excessively. The results were27 controlled trials
were identified. Elimination of cows' milk protein was effective when substituted by
hypoallergenic formula milks. The effectiveness of substitution by soy formula milks was
unclear when only trials of good methodological quality were considered. The benefit of
eliminating cows' milk protein was not restricted to highly selected populations.
Dicyclomine was effective but serious side effects have been reported. The advice to
reduce stimulation was beneficial, whereas the advice to increase carrying and holding
seemed not to reduce crying. No benefit was shown for simethicone. Uncertainty
remained about the effectiveness of low lactose formula milks. The study concluded that
infantile colic should preferably be treated by advising carers to reduce stimulation and
with a one week trial of a hypoallergenic formula milk20
3. Review of literature related to newborn acne
A retrospective study was conducted on 16 cases on infantile acne in
France on infantile acne was done to improve knowledge about the epidemiology and
clinical course of infantile acne and evaluate approaches to treatment. The research
design was survey method and covered the period between 1985-2007. The data were
drawn from clinical and photographic records, followed by administration of a telephone
questionnaire to parents. It was proposed that each case be reviewed on the basis of the
child's appearance and score on an acne scar clinical grading scale. Sixteen children were
included. The results were that nine had a family history of severe adolescent acne. The
average duration of disease was 22 months. Two patients had been effectively treated
with oral isotretinoin. More than half of the patients exhibited scars. The study concluded
that On the basis of the frequency of scarring, and the severity and average duration of
lesions, the use of oral retinoid in severe infantile acne warrants evaluation.21
A study was conducted in eastern Saudi Arabia on acne neonatorum to
elucidate the clinical profile of acne neonatorum in eastern Saudi Arabia. Research
design was survey method sampling technique was purposive sampling. The results were
acne neonatorum was diagnosed in 26 patients (male/female ratio 1:1). The lesions
included mainly facial comedones (30.8%); papules and pustules (15.3% each); and
combination of papules, pustules, and cysts (53.4%). The study concluded that all
patients recovered spontaneously. In 50% of the cases, one of the parents reported having
had acne vulgaris during adolescence. Hereditary factors seem to play a significant role in
our series.22
Another study was conducted in USA on Colonization of neonate skin by
Malassezia species: relationship with neonatal cephalic pustulosis. To determine the skin
colonization by Malassezia in healthy newborns, and to investigate its association with
neonatal cephalic pustulosis. Research design was descriptive design and method of
sampling was randomized sampling. Samples for Malassezia colonization were taken
from cheeks and scalps of 104 neonates between 24 and 72 hours after birth, and again 2
or 4 weeks later. Pustules were sampled with concomitant nonlesional skin cultures if
neonatal cephalic pustulosis was diagnosed. The results were Malassezia colonization
increased significantly with age of the neonate (5% at the first week, 30% at 2-4 weeks).
In all, 26 patients were given the diagnosis of neonatal cephalic pustulosis during followup. No correlation was found between the severity of the disease and Malassezia
isolation. Skin colonization of patients with neonatal cephalic pustulosis (20.8%) was not
higher than colonization of healthy newborns (37%). The study concluded that
Malassezia colonization increases after the first week of life. No correlation was found
between neonatal cephalic pustulosis and Malassezia.23
6.3 Problem Statement:
A study to evaluate the effectiveness of self instructional module related to knowledge
and attitude among primi mothers on the management of selected minor ailments of
newborn in selected hospitals at Mysore.
6.4 Objectives of the Study:
1. To develop a self instructional module on management of selected minor
ailments of newborn for primi mothers.
2. To assess the knowledge and attitude of primi mothers on management of
selected minor ailments of newborn.
3. To assess the effectiveness of self instructional module on management of minor
ailments of newborn
4. To correlate the knowledge and attitude regarding management of minor ailments
of newborn.
5. To find out the association between knowledge and attitude of management of
minor ailments of newborn with selected background factors.
6.5 Operational Definitions:
1. Effectiveness:
In this study effectiveness refers to gain in knowledge and altered attitude
toward the management among primi mothers.
2.
Knowledge:
In this study, refers to the amount of information or understanding about
management of minor ailments of newborn; as measured by structured questionnaire.
3. Attitude:
In this study it refers to way of thinking towards management of minor
ailments of newborn.
4. Minor ailments :
In this study it refers to nappy rash, newborn acne and colic in newborn.
5. Newborn:
In this study, it refers to babies between one to twenty eight days.
6.6 Assumptions:
The researcher assumes that primi mothers will

Have some knowledge on minor ailments of newborn.

Be willing to participate in the study.
 Give free and frank responses during pre-test and post-test.
Delimitations:
The study is delimited to primi mothers

Ready to participate in the study

Available at the time of the study.
6.8 Projected Outcome (Hypothesis):
At 0.05 level of significance.
H1: The mean post-test knowledge scores of the primi mothers getting the self
instructional module will be significantly higher than the mean pre-test knowledge scores
on management of minor ailments of newborn.
H2 : The mean post-test attitude scores of the primi mothers getting the self instructional
module will be significantly higher than the mean pre-test attitude scores on minor
ailments of newborn.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
7.1
SOURCE OF DATA:
The data will be collected from primi mothers who had delivered the baby or
underwent caesarian section and admitted in selected hospitals at Mysore.
7.1.1 Research Design:
The study design selected for this study is one group pre-test and post-test (preexperimental) design.
Pre-test
Treatment
01
Post-test
X
02
7.1.2. Variables:
Independent variable: self instructional module
Dependent variable: knowledge and attitude on management of minor ailments of
newborn.
Extraneous variables: age, education, socioeconomic status.
7.1.2 Settings:
The study will be conducted in selected hospitals at Mysore.
7.1.3 Population:
Primi mothers who had delivered the baby or underwent caesarian section admitted in
selected hospitals at Mysore.
7.2. METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION
The data will be collected from primi mothers who had delivered the baby or underwent
caesarian section regarding the knowledge and attitude on management of selected minor
ailments of newborn using structured questionnaire method and rating scale.
7.2.1 Sampling Procedure:
This research study will adopt convenient sampling for selecting samples. Out of the total
population defined those who will meet the inclusion criteria will be selected for the
study.
7.2.2 Sampling Size:
Fifty primi mothers will be selected for the sample by convenient sampling.
7.2.3 Inclusion Criteria for Sampling:
The study will include

Primi mothers who had undergone normal delivery.

Primi mothers who had undergone caesarian section.

Those who are present at the time of the study.
7.2.4 Exclusion Criteria for Sampling:
The study will exclude

Those who do not give consent to participate in the study.

Those who are absent during the data collection.

Those who are multiparous.
7.2.5 Instrument Used
The following tool will be developed by the researcher using review of literature and
consultation with subject experts:
A structured questionnaire to assess the knowledge and a rating scale to measure the
attitude.
7.2.6 Data Collection Method:
The data collection technique adopted in the study is structured questionnaire on
knowledge and rating scale for attitude.
7.2.7 Data Analysis Plan:
The data obtained would be analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The
analysis will be done on the basis of objectives and hypothesis stated. The significance of
pre-test and post-test scores would be tested using ‘t’ test.
7.3
DOES THE STUDY REQUIRE ANY INVESTIGATION ON
INTERVENTION TO BE CONDUCTED ON PATIENTS OR
OTHER HUMANS OR ANIMALS? IF SO PLEASE DESCRIBE
BRIEFLY:
Yes, the study requires providing a self instructional module among primi mothers who
had undergone normal delivery or caesarian section.
7.4HAS ETHICAL CLEARANCE BEEN OBTAINED FROM YOUR
INSTITUTION IN CASE OF 7.3:
Yes, Ethical clearance has been obtained from our institution
LIST OF REFERENCES
1.
Singh Meharban “.Care of the newborn”.6th ed, New Delhi, Sagar
publications: 2004: p: 135
2.
Parthasarathy A, Nair MKC, Menon PSN.” IAP Textbook of pediatrics”.
3rd ed. New Delhi, Jaypee publication; 2004: p: 56
3.
Mohamed Asif Padiyath, etal. “Knowledge attitude and practice of
neonatal care among postnatal mothers “. Current Pediatr Research
2010; 14 (2): p: 147-152
4.
Mikhail BI. “Hispanic mothers' beliefs and practices regarding selected
children's health problems”. West J Nurs Res; 1994 Dec; 16(6): p: 623-38
5.
Thornton AJ, etal. “Symptoms in 298 infant under 6 months old, seen at
home. Arch Dis Child”; 1990 Mar; 65(3): p: 280-5.
6.
Prasad HR, Srivastava P, Verma KK. “Diaper dermatitis – an overview”
Indian J Pediatr. 2003 Aug; 70(8): p: 635-7.
7.
Atherton DJ. “The aetiology and management of irritant diaper
dermatitis”.J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol; 2001 Sep; 15 Suppl 1(): p:1-4.
8.
Muhammad Javed. “Neonatal dermatology at tertiary care teaching
hospital” Eastern journal of medicine 2010; 15: p: 90- 92
9.
10.
Chandrmita Bora. “Neonatal acne.” Indian J Pediatr. 2003 Sep; 70(9):721-2.
Singh N .etal. “Disposable diapers: safe and effective”. Indian J
Pediatr. 2003 Sep; 70(9): p: 721-2.
11.
Leung AK, Lemay JF. “Infantile colic: a review.” J R Soc Promot
Health. 2004 Jul; 124(4): p: 162-6.
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