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Transcript
Chapter 2 Section 2 Newton’s Laws of Motion Pages 44-51 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. Name: _________________ Date: _______ Hour: _______ What do Newton’s three laws of motion explain? ____________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ What does Newton’s first law of motion state? _____________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ Newton’s first law of motion describes the motion of an object that has a net force of ___________ acting on it. If you push a ball down a hill, and no one stops it, why does it eventually stop? ______________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ What does friction do to the motion of objects? ____________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ Describe inertia. ____________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ How are mass and inertia related? _______________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ State Newton’s second law of motion. ____________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ What are the two factors that determine acceleration? _______________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ How are mass of an object and the acceleration of the object related? ___________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ Describe the relationship between the force on an object and the acceleration of the object. _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ Which of the following will increase the acceleration of an object that is pushed by a force? a. decreasing the mass of the object b. increasing the mass of the object c. increasing the force pushing the object d. Both (a) and (c) What is the formula for acceleration? Write your answer in both words and as a mathematical formula. __________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ What is the formula for force? Write your answer in both words and as a mathematical formula. _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 1 15. What is the acceleration of a 7 kg mass if a force of 68.6 N is used to move it toward Earth? (Remember 1 N = 1 kg m/s²) SHOW YOUR WORK. See the Math Focus Box on p. 48 for help. ____________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 16. What force is necessary to accelerate a 1,250 kg car at a rate of 40 m/s²? (Remember 1 N = 1 kg m/s²) SHOW YOUR WORK. ________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 17. Zookeepers carry a stretcher that holds a sleeping lion. The total mass of the lion and the stretcher is 175 kg. The lion’s forward acceleration is 2 m/s². What is the force necessary to produce this acceleration? (Remember 1 N = 1 kg m/s²) SHOW YOUR WORK. __________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 18. What force is necessary to accelerate a 70 kg object at a rate of 4.2 m/s²? (Remember 1 N = 1 kg m/s²) SHOW YOUR WORK. _____________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 19. State Newton’s third law of motion. _____________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 20. All forces act in ____________________. 21. How are the forces in each force pair related? _____________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 22. What action and reaction forces are present when you are sitting on a chair? _______________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 23. How do action and reaction forces move a swimmer forward in the water? _________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 24. Since all forces act in pairs, what happens when a force is exerted? ______________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 25. When a ball falls to Earth, why is it hard to see the effect of the reaction force exerted by the ball on Earth? ______________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 26. When a soccer ball is kicked, the action and reaction forces do not cancel each other out because a. the forces are not equal in size. b. the forces act on different objects. c. the forces act at different times. d. All of the above. 27. Why do objects fall toward Earth? ______________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 28. Suppose you are standing on a skateboard or on in-line skates and you toss a backpack full of heavy books toward your friend. What do you think will happen to you? Explain your answer in terms of Newton’s third law of motion. ___________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 2 3