Download Unit Three Homework

Biology 12
Saddleback College
Unit Three Homework
Name:________________
aVF
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Based on vector analysis in THIS DIAGRAM, draw whether the pen will deflect above or below baseline.
Write “above” or “below” for each wave deflection. (note: none are perfectly perpendicular- in other words, no flat line!).
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2
3
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Repeat the above exercise with one other vector (do not pick lead II as we did that in class): Draw your vectors
next to each heart vector.
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2
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Identify the primary effect of each situation on capillary forces. Choose one for each of the following and briefly explain
your answers:
 capillary hydrostatic pressure
 interstitial hydrostatic pressure
 Capillary colloid osmostic pressure
 interstitial colloid osmotic pressure
1. High blood pressure:
Reason:
 capillary hydrostatic pressure
 interstitial hydrostatic pressure
 Capillary colloid osmostic pressure
 interstitial colloid osmostic pressure
Answer:
2. A starved child. Answer:
Reason:
3. Liver Failure. Answer:
Reason:
4. patient with stenosis of the pulmonary semilunar valve: Answer:
Reason:
Select the one letter that corresponds to the timing of an event (instant in time) or two letters that correspond to
the timing of an interval. (Hint: this is easier if you draw in all the other events you know before answering)
Time (msec)
a b
c d
e
*
a b
c d
e
*
Ventricular
Pressure
(mmHg)
Ventr. Vol
EKG
Heart Sounds
What letter/symbol best represents when:
Interval in which the atria depolarize?
Interval for heart sound 2?
Interval for heart sound 3 occurs?
Interval for heart sound 4 occurs?
Instant at which ventricular pressure first exceeds aortic pressure
Interval that represents isovolumic contraction?
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Assume paper speed of 50mm/sec and remember that each box is 5 mm (Note: in photocopying this figure, the
squares have reduced in size. So, in this case you are better off “counting squares” and not using your ruler).
What is this patient’s heart rate?
What is his mean electrical axis?
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Questions
1. Draw a diagram of the heart of a human adult. Show the circulation of the blood through the heart and to
and from the body and the lungs.
2. Draw a diagram of the heart of a human fetus. Show the circulation of the blood through the heart and to
and from the body and the lungs.
3. What are the major structural differences between the fetal and the adult human heart? Draw and label
these differences on your diagram of the fetal heart. How do these structures alter the circulation of
blood?
4. Why is the pulmonary circulation reduced in the human fetus?
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Cardiovascular Physiology- Show what you know!
1. Put these in order in which an action potential takes place through the intrinsic conduction system:
a. AV node, SA node, AV bundle, Purkinje fibers
c. SA node, Internodal pathway, AV node,
b. AV bundle, SA node, Purkinje fibers, bundle
bundle branches
branches
d. Purkinje, AV node, SA node, internodal
pathway
2. The removal of this would not allow an action potential to take place between an auto rhythmic cell and
contractile cell.
a. Fast calcium channel
c. Plasma membrane
b. Gap junction
d. Depolarization junction
3. Greater permeability of which ion initially brings an autorhythmic cell to threshold?
a. Sodium
b. Acetylcholine
c. Calcium
d. Potassium
4. Repolarization of an auto rhythmic cell is caused by which channel? Is the ion coming in or leaving the cell?
A) Potassium,
B) Sodium, out of
C) Potassium, out
D) Sodium,
into cell
cell
of cell
into cell
5. The approximate stroke volume of the human heart is?
A) 90 m.l.
B) 80 ml
C) 120 ml
D) 70 ml
6. T of F: Most solutes move across the capillary wall by diffusion.
7. T or F: All of the blood leaves the ventricle with each stroke.
8. Blood cells in the center of a vessel flow faster, this is called?
a. Laminar flow
b. Lumen flow
c. Cardiac flow
9. Pulse pressure is?
A) The cardiac output plus systolic
B) Difference between systolic and diastolic
d. Even flow
C) Diastole minus stroke volume
D) Systolic plus diastolic
10. Dru was a tri-athlete. In the Ironman competition he became severely dehydrated. What happened?
A) He was in bad shape and subsequently passed out
B) His blood pressure raised because of strenuous exercise
C) The loss of water reduced blood volume thus dropping Blood pressure
D) The dehydration made the blood more viscous thus increasing blood pressure
11. The main sources of peripheral resistance are?
A) Vessel diameter, blood flow, vessel length
B) Blood viscosity, cardiac out put, laminar flow
C) Vessel diameter, blood viscosity, vessel length
D) Parasympathetic innervation, laminar flow, viscosity
12. Released from the adrenal medulla this chemical will constrict an artery, what will the pressure do? What is the
chemical?
A) Raise pressure, epinephrine
C) Lower pressure, acetylcholine
B) Raise pressure, Vasopressin
D) Lower pressure, adrenaline
13. Stimulation of the vagus nerve and its post-ganglionic partner will eventually cause ...
A) Decrease heart rate, out put and blood pressure
C) Increase heart rate, out put and blood pressure
B) Decrease heart rate but increase blood pressure
D) Increase blood pressure, decrease stroke volume
A)
B)
C)
D)
14. An increased stimulation of the barroreceptors in the aortic arch or carotid will....
Decrease parasympathetic activity, increase heart rate and lower blood pressure
Increase parasympathetic, decrease sympathetic, reduce heart rate, lower blood pressure
Cause a decrease in blood pressure by increasing sympathetic activity
A myocardial infarction from cosmic rays from Venus
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15. The opening of which channel in the autorhythmic cell is responsible for the huge positive spike in membrane
potential?
A) Calcium
B.) Sodium
C) Potassium
D) Fast sodium channels
16. Explain how short term regulation of falling pressure takes place, including a discussion of the
neurotransmitters
17. Briefly describe the phases of a cardiac contractile cell action potential:
18. Define cardiac output and the factors that determine it:
19. Explain how hydrostatic and osmotic pressure allow exchanges to take place in capillary beds:
20. What are the major factors that control blood pressure?
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On the picture below, write the events that are occurring during phases 0-4. Then draw the
corresponding tension graph over the membrane potential graph. Also label when absolute
refractory and relative refractory periods would be occurring.
The graph below is an action potential from a specialized cell. Label the graph with descriptions of
the events occurring to cause this action potential.
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