Download Study Guide - Csulb.​edu

CSULB
IS 240 – 002 Fall 2001
A key terms for Final Exam
 Chapter 5 Telecommunications

Electronic data interchange (EDI): Computer-to-computer communication
in which information is exchanged using previously agreed upon formats.

Transmission media: The pathway used to send a message.

Protocol: The set of rules used to communicate.

Digitizing: The process of converting information into a digital form.

Networks: Groups of computers and associated peripheral devices
connected by a communications channel capable of sharing files and
other resources between several users.

Telecommunication: Transmission of all forms of information, including
digital data, voice, fax, sound, and video, from one location to another
over some type of electronic network.

Bandwidth: The transmission capacity of a computer or communications
channel, which represents how much binary data can be reliably transmitted
over the medium in one second.

Modem: A device that modulates (converting analog signals to digital)
and demodulates (converting digital signals to analog) signals transmitted
over data communication lines.

Centralized computing: Computing model in which all processing
occurred at a large central computer and users interacted with the system
through the use of terminals.

Distributed computing: Computing model in which separate computers
work on subsets of tasks and then pool their results by communicating on
a network.

Collaborative computing: Computing model in which two or more
networked computers are used to accomplish a common processing task.
This is to remind you to emphasize certain areas while reviewing for the exam. It
does not represent every aspect of the exam. Make sure you cover all areas but
concentrate more in the key terms listed.


Private branch exchange (PBX): A private telephone exchange located in
a single facility that provides both voice and data communication and is
usually connected to the public telephone network.

Local area network (LAN): A group of computers at one location that
share hardware and software resources.

Wide area network (WAN): Two or more LANs from different locations
that are linked together.

Enterprise network: A WAN that connects all the LANs of a single
location.

Global network: A WAN that spans multiple countries. It may include the
networks of several organizations.

Internet: The world's largest WAN. It consists of thousands of individual
networks supporting millions of computers and users in over 60 countries.

Server: A computer that stores information (programs and data) and
provides services to users through a network.

Client: Any device or software application that makes use of the
information or services provided by a server.

Peer: Two separate computers or devices on a network that may both
request and provide services to each other.

Server-centric networks: Networks in which computers are either servers
or clients.

Peer-to-peer network: Network in which computers are peers.

Network services: The capabilities that networked computers share through
the multiple combinations of hardware and software provided by the
network.

Network operating system: A group of software programs that manages
and provides the network services.

Twisted pair cable: A transmission medium consisting of two insulated
wires arranged in a spiral pattern.

Coaxial cable: A transmission medium (cable) consisting of one
conductor, surrounded by plastic insulation and an outer braided copper
or foil shield.

Fiber optic cable: A transmission medium consisting of a light-conducting
glass or plastic core, which is surrounded by more glass (called cladding)
and a tough outer sheath.

Backbones: High-speed central networks to which many smaller
networks can be connected.

Network topology: The shape of a network and the physical and logical
relationship of nodes on the network.

Star network: A network topology in which all stations are connected to a
central hub.

Ring network: A network topology in which all stations are connected in a
closed loop.

Bus network: A network topology in which all stations are connected to a
single open-ended line.

Token passing: A network access control method in which a token
circulates around a ring topology and stations can only transmit
messages onto the network when a non-busy token arrives at a station.

Collisions: A condition in which two or more workstations simultaneously
transmit messages onto the network.

CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection): A network
access control method in which a station wanting to transmit first listens
to the network and only transmits if the network is idle.

Internetworking: Communication among devices across multiple
networks.

OSI model: A model for interconnecting heterogeneous computer
networks.
 Chapter 6 E-Commerce and the Internet

Backbones: High-speed central networks to which many smaller networks
can be connected.

Packet switching: A technique used on computer networks for sending
information that divides messages into small packets before sending.

Routers: Special-purpose computers that interconnect independent
networks.

TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol): The protocols
that specify how computers communicate on the Internet.

IP datagram: A data packet that conforms to the IP specification.

World Wide Web (WWW): An Internet service that organizes information
using hypertext.

Hypertext: Text that contains links to other documents, which contain
related information.

HTML: The standard programming language used to format Web pages.
Consists of embedded “tags,” which tell the computer how to display
information, link with other documents, and so on.
URL: The unique address of every page on the Internet.


Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN): A worldwide digital
communications standard for transmitting voice, video, and data.

T1: Dedicated digital transmissions line that can carry 1.544Mbps of
information.

Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM): A very high-speed method for
transmitting voice, video, and data over high speed LANs using a 53-byte
packet transmission process.

Electronic Commerce (EC): Online exchange of goods, services, and
money between firms and their customers.

Intranet: Use of the Internet within a business.

Extranet: Use of the Internet between firms.
 Chapter 8 Emerging Information Systems

Virtual teams: People using technology to collaborate together more
effectively to solve problems across time and distance.

Customer contact: The amount and nature of interaction that an
organization has with its customers and that its customers have with the
organization’s people, processes, systems, and data

Technology convergence: The integration of previously disparate
technologies, such as computer, telephone, and video recorders, into
relatively seamless systems.

Videoconferencing: The use of integrated telephone and video recording
and playback technologies by one or more people to interact with each
other from remote sites.

Desktop videoconferencing: the use of integrated computer, telephone
and video recording and playback technologies, typically by two people,
to interact with each other using their desktop computers from remote
sites.

Application sharing: Allows two or more people to collaborate on the
same data using software on their respective computers in different
locations.

Whiteboarding software: Electronic equivalent of mark-and-wipe boards in
a classroom. Presents an image or text entered on one computer to be
displayed on the screen of another computer in a different location.

Groupware: Computer-based information systems designed to enable
group members to electronically communicate, collaborate, and
coordinate their activities across time and distance.

Information repositories: A place to store information in an electronic
medium.

Group support systems: Computer-based information system used to
support collaborative, intellectual, goal-directed work.

Disintermediation: The process of taking all of the non-value-adding steps
out of interacting with a customer.

Computer kiosks: A kiosk that contains a computer or other technology
that allows for customer access to information and processing.

Computer telephone integration (CTI): The integration of computers, fax
boards, and telephony switches to the public telephone network. The
purpose is to provide customers and other people with organizational
information accessible through the telephone network.