Download 1-7B Practice Test Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best

1-7B Practice Test
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____
1. Introspection was the basic research tool used by ________ in order to study people's inner
____
2.
____
3.
____
4.
____
5.
sensations and mental images.
a. John Watson
b. Charles Darwin
c. Edward Titchener
d. B. F. Skinner
e. Mary Calkins
In explaining human behavior, psychoanalysts are likely to focus on ________, whereas humanistic
psychologists concentrate on ________.
a. evolved functions of our thoughts and feelings; self-reports of immediate physical
sensations
b. observable behavior; the way we perceive, process, and remember information
c. childhood experiences and unconscious thought processes; current environmental
influences on potential
d. introspective reports of immediate sensations; empirical research relying on
observation and experimentation
e. the study of brain activity linked with mental activity; the examination of the
stream of consciousness and emotion
Which perspective would focus on the extent to which different styles of parenting are encouraged
among various ethnic communities?
a. evolutionary
b. cognitive
c. psychodynamic
d. social-cultural
e. biological
Clinical psychologists specialize in
a. constructing surveys.
b. animal research.
c. providing therapy to troubled people.
d. providing drugs to treat behavioral disorders.
e. treating patients in clinical settings.
The news media reported that a new pesticide was not harmful to humans. Which of the following
statements best exemplifies critical thinking in response to this report?
a. “I think I will try this pesticide on my own garden to kill pests.”
b. “I don't like to use pesticides, but this one is safe. ”
c. “I think I'll use this product, but I think I'll wear gloves.”
d. “I wonder who funded this study?”
e. “I don't believe this study because I got a rash after using this poison on my
garden.”
____
6. Which procedure helps to ensure that the participants in a survey are representative of a larger
____
7.
____
8.
____
9.
____ 10.
population?
a. random assignment
b. replication
c. correlation
d. naturalistic observation
e. random sampling
An extensive survey revealed that children with relatively high self-esteem tend to picture God as
kind and loving, whereas those with lower self-esteem tend to perceive God as angry. The
researchers concluded that the children's self-esteem had apparently influenced their views of God.
This conclusion best illustrates the danger of
a. perceiving order in random events.
b. generalizing from extreme examples.
c. randomly sampling children's views.
d. exaggerating the extent to which others share our beliefs.
e. assuming that correlation proves causation.
Which of the following is a measure of the degree of variation among a set of events?
a. mean
b. scatterplot
c. standard deviation
d. median
e. correlation coefficient
On a 10-item test, three students in Professor Hsin's advanced chemistry seminar received scores of
2, 5, and 8, respectively. For this distribution of test scores, the standard deviation is equal to the
square root of
a. 3.
b. 4.
c. 5.
d. 6.
e. 9.
Coach Vroman attended a clinic to improve his basketball coaching skills. Afterward, he randomly
assigned his seventh-grade players to two groups: Group 1 will be coached by the new method and
Group 2 will be coached by his old method. He then measured their performance at one team
practice to judge the effectiveness of the new coaching method. Which of the following might affect
the statistical significance of his study?
a. Approval from an Institutional Review Board (IRb. was not obtained before
beginning his study.
b. To determine the effectiveness of the new method, Coach Vroman must first find
the median score of each group.
c. By testing only two groups, Coach Vroman's sample size may be too small and
unrepresentative.
d. Coach Vroman should wait until next year to test the incoming freshman because
his sample was biased.
e. A third variable, such as height, might affect the relationship between the two
variables.
____ 11. Increasing excitatory signals above the threshold for neural activation will not affect the intensity of
____ 12.
____ 13.
____ 14.
____ 15.
____ 16.
____ 17.
an action potential. This indicates that a neuron's reaction is
a. inhibited by the myelin sheath.
b. delayed by the refractory period.
c. an all-or-none response.
d. dependent on neurotransmitter molecules.
e. primarily electrical rather than chemical.
An undersupply of serotonin is most closely linked to
a. Alzheimer's disease.
b. schizophrenia.
c. Parkinson's disease.
d. depression.
e. euphoria.
Motor neurons are to the ________ nervous system as interneurons are to the ________ nervous
system.
a. sympathetic; parasympathetic
b. central; peripheral
c. autonomic; somatic
d. parasympathetic; sympathetic
e. peripheral; central
Neural networks refer to
a. the branching extensions of a neuron.
b. interconnected clusters of neurons in the central nervous system.
c. neural cables containing many axons.
d. junctions between sending and receiving neurons.
e. neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body.
Which of the following techniques would surgeons use in mapping the areas of the brain responsible
for specific activities, such as movement or speech?
a. magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
b. computed tomography (CT )
c. electroencephalogram (EEG)
d. positron emission tomography (PET)
e. lesion
The medulla is to the control of ________ as the cerebellum is to the control of ________.
a. eating; sleeping
b. breathing; walking
c. emotion; motivation
d. memory; attention
e. hearing; seeing
Your conscious awareness of your own name and self-identity depends primarily on the normal
functioning of your
a. cerebellum.
b. amygdala.
c. hypothalamus.
d. sympathetic nervous system.
e. cerebral cortex.
____ 18. One function of the glial cells is to
a. control heartbeat and breathing.
b. mimic the effects of neurotransmitters.
c. provide nutrients to interneurons.
d. stimulate the production of hormones.
e. control the muscle movements involved in speech.
____ 19. To trigger a person's hand to make a fist, José Delgado stimulated the individual's
a. motor cortex.
b. hypothalamus.
c. sensory cortex.
d. reticular formation.
e. limbic system.
____ 20. The sensory cortex is most critical for our sense of
a. taste.
b. sight.
c. hearing.
d. touch.
e. smell.
____ 21. A PET scan of a patient looking at a photograph of a painting would most likely indicate high levels
of activity in which brain structure?
a. sensory cortex
b. Broca's area
c. corpus callosum
d. occipital lobes
e. frontal lobes
____ 22. Someone who has difficulty speaking after a stroke is suffering from which of the following?
a. neurogenesis
b. lesion
c. aphasia
d. angular gyrus
e. interneurons
____ 23. When Stoyka was a child, a brain disease required the surgical removal of her left cerebral
hemisphere. Stoyka is now a successful high school student who lives a normal life. Her success
best illustrates the importance of
a. aphasia.
b. reuptake.
c. phrenology.
d. tomography.
e. plasticity.
____ 24. Split-brain patients have had their ________ surgically cut.
a. hippocampus
b. limbic system
c. corpus callosum
d. sensory cortex
e. reticular formation
____ 25. French psychiatrist Joseph Capgras described a patient who reported that imposters had replaced her
____ 26.
____ 27.
____ 28.
____ 29.
____ 30.
____ 31.
husband, children, and herself. Her inability to recognize the faces of her close family members or
herself suggests that the
a. right hemisphere of her brain was damaged.
b. corpus callosum had been severed.
c. thalamus in the brainstem is not functioning properly.
d. angular gyrus was compromised leading to aphasia.
e. left temporal lobe was injured.
Someone skilled at word processing thinks several letters ahead while typing, whereas a beginner
must focus on one letter at a time. A novice is most likely using _________ to complete the task.
a. conscious serial processing
b. the right hemisphere
c. the limbic system
d. unconscious parallel processing
e. the reticular formation
Chromosomes are composed of
a. hormones.
b. synapses.
c. nuclei.
d. neurotransmitters.
e. deoxyribonucleic acid.
To estimate trait heritability, researchers are most likely to make use of
a. cloning.
b. natural selection.
c. interaction.
d. twin studies.
e. DNA.
Many genes respond to environmental conditions, reacting to different environmental contexts in
different ways. This characteristic of genes is called what?
a. chromosomes
b. genotype
c. heritability
d. self-regulation
e. evolution
Evolutionary psychologists are most likely to be criticized for
a. providing hindsight explanations for human behaviors.
b. failing to consider unconscious motivations.
c. overemphasizing humans' capacity to learn and adapt to a variety of environments.
d. underestimating gender differences in mate selection.
e. overestimating cultural differences in human sexual behaviors.
Critics of evolutionary psychology are most likely to suggest that it underestimates the
a. impact of genetic predispositions on human sexual behavior.
b. impact of cultural expectations on human sexual behavior.
c. variety of traits that contribute to reproductively successful behaviors.
d. extent to which certain gender differences in sexual behavior are common to all
cultures.
e. number of human traits influenced by genetics.
____ 32. In University of Utah driving-simulation experiments, students conversing on cell phones were
____ 33.
____ 34.
____ 35.
____ 36.
____ 37.
slower to detect and respond to traffic signals. This best illustrates
a. retinal disparity.
b. the phi phenomenon.
c. gate-control theory.
d. place theory.
e. selective attention.
In one experiment, most of the participants who viewed a videotape of men tossing a basketball
remained unaware of an umbrella-toting woman sauntering across the screen. This illustrated
a. opponent-process theory.
b. inattentional blindness.
c. blind spot.
d. visual cliff.
e. figure-ground.
While a man provided directions to a construction worker, two experimenters rudely interrupted by
passing between them carrying a door. The student's failure to notice that the construction worker
was replaced by a different person during this interruption illustrates
a. blind spot.
b. gate-control theory.
c. bottom-up processing.
d. change blindness.
e. top-down processing.
If the just-noticeable difference for a 10-ounce weight is 1 ounce, the just noticeable difference for
an 80-ounce weight would be ________ ounce(s).
a. 1
b. 2
c. 4
d. 8
e. 10
The adjustable opening in the center of the eye is the
a. fovea.
b. iris.
c. cornea.
d. pupil.
e. blind spot.
The direct link between a single cone and a single ________ preserves the fine details in the cone's
message.
a. rod
b. ganglion cell
c. blind spot
d. bipolar cell
e. cochlea
____ 38. The human ability to speedily recognize familiar objects best illustrates the value of
a. accommodation.
b. kinesthesis.
c. subliminal stimulation.
d. sensory interaction.
e. parallel processing.
____ 39. Certain stroke victims report seeing nothing when shown a series of sticks, yet they are able to
____ 40.
____ 41.
____ 42.
____ 43.
____ 44.
correctly report whether the sticks are vertical or horizontal. This best illustrates
a. prosopagnosia.
b. serial processing.
c. the McGurk effect.
d. sensory interaction.
e. blindsight.
The 130-decibel sound of a rock band is ________ times louder than the 100-decibel sound of a
nearby subway train.
a. 2
b. 10
c. 30
d. 100
e. 1000
The volley principle is most directly relevant to our perception of
a. temperature.
b. color.
c. brightness.
d. pain.
e. pitch.
A cochlear implant converts sounds into
a. decibels.
b. electrical signals.
c. air pressure changes.
d. fluid vibrations.
e. neurotransmitters.
Alex tickles his brother by stroking adjacent ________ spots on his skin.
a. pressure
b. warmth
c. cold
d. pain
e. kinesthesis
With her eyes closed, Sierra can accurately touch her mouth, nose, and chin with her index finger.
Sierra's accuracy illustrates the importance of
a. accommodation.
b. kinesthesis.
c. sensory interaction.
d. sensory adaptation.
e. feature detectors.
____ 45. If you burn your finger, ________ transmit pain-triggering signals to your central nervous system.
a. ganglion cells
b. vestibular sacs
c. nociceptors
d. hair cells
e. feature detectors
____ 46. We tend to perceive more pain when others around us also report feeling pain. This research finding
____ 47.
____ 48.
____ 49.
____ 50.
____ 51.
indicates that pain perception is affected by both biological and what other influences?
a. genetic
b. neural
c. hormonal
d. humanistic
e. social-cultural
Many researchers believe that pleasing tastes attracted our ancestors to energy- or protein-rich foods
that enabled their survival. Such researchers are most likely
a. behavior geneticists.
b. behaviorists.
c. evolutionary psychologists.
d. molecular geneticists.
e. neuropsychologists.
One of the ways we perceive images is by organizing stimuli into an object seen against its
surroundings. What is this perceptual tendency called?
a. opponent-process theory
b. binocular cue
c. retinal disparity
d. figure-ground
e. sensory adaptation
The cocktail party effect is your ability to selectively attend to one voice among many. This ability
also illustrates the Gestalt principle of
a. proximity.
b. similarity.
c. connectedness.
d. figure and ground.
e. closure.
While singing to you on your birthday, your friends leave off the very last word of the song, “Happy
birthday to you, Happy birthday to you, Happy birthday dear David, Happy birthday to….” Your
tendency to mentally fill in the last word best reflects which of the following Gestalt principles of
organization?
a. similarity
b. proximity
c. connectedness
d. closure
e. figure and ground
Depth perception that uses information transmitted to only one eye depends on
a. relative luminance.
b.
c.
d.
e.
____ 52.
____ 53.
____ 54.
____ 55.
____ 56.
____ 57.
stroboscopic movement.
lightness constancy.
monocular cues.
perceptual adaptation.
If we see two of the same object but one of them appears to be dimmer, we will interpret the dimmer
object as farther away. What is this monocular cue for depth called?
a. color constancy
b. interposition
c. proximity
d. light and shadow
e. continuity
Although textbooks frequently cast a trapezoidal image on the retina, students typically perceive the
books as rectangular objects. This illustrates the importance of
a. interposition.
b. size constancy.
c. linear perspective.
d. shape constancy.
e. binocular cues.
Relative luminance most clearly contributes to
a. the phi phenomenon.
b. lightness constancy.
c. the Moon illusion.
d. psychophysics.
e. the impact of the relative motion depth cue.
The phenomenon of color constancy best demonstrates that
a. an object's perceived color is influenced by its surrounding objects.
b. the retina has three types of color receptors.
c. the brain processes information about color and shape simultaneously.
d. quivering eye movements help to maintain the perception of color.
e. color vision depends on pairs of opposing retinal processes.
After learning that her new school friend had experienced several episodes of depression during
junior high, Erin incorrectly perceived her friend's laughter as artificial and phony. This best
illustrates the impact of
a. interposition.
b. perceptual set.
c. clairvoyance.
d. the phi phenomenon.
e. opponent-process theory.
Mr. Logwood's eyewitness perceptions of a car accident were influenced by his inborn ways of
organizing sensory experiences, his learned schemas, and by other eyewitnesses' reactions to the car
accident. An integrated understanding of Mr. Logwood's perceptions of the accident is most clearly
provided by
a. parapsychology.
b. gate-control theory.
c. a biopsychosocial approach.
d. the Young-Helmholtz trichromatic theory.
e. perceptual constancy.
____ 58. When light strikes the retina, it signals the suprachiasmatic nucleus to alter ________ production by
____ 59.
____ 60.
____ 61.
____ 62.
____ 63.
____ 64.
the pineal gland.
a. melatonin
b. serotonin
c. acetylcholine
d. dopamine
e. endorphin
Which of the following is evidence for cultural influences on sleep patterns?
a. The sleep patterns of identical twins are usually similar.
b. Brain waves are generally elevated and variable during REM sleep.
c. Sleep patterns reflect differences in latent and manifest dream content.
d. People in countries without electric lights generally sleep longer.
e. Newborn babies spend more time in REM sleep than in NREM sleep.
Compared with when they were only 20 years old, 60-year-olds
a. spend less time in deep sleep.
b. spend less time in Stage 1 sleep.
c. spend more time in paradoxical sleep.
d. complete the sleep cycle more slowly.
e. complete REM rebound more often.
Brain regions that are active as rats learn to navigate a maze show similar activity patterns again as
the rats later experience
a. REM sleep.
b. hypnagogic sensations.
c. neuroadaptation.
d. dissociation.
e. NREM sleep.
Research has indicated that hypnosis
a. can force people to act against their will.
b. can block sensory input.
c. is helpful in overcoming alcohol addictions.
d. enables some people to undergo surgery with only a local anesthesia.
e. is a state of unconsciousness, not an altered state of consciousness.
When subjected to a painful medical procedure without the benefit of an anesthetic, a hypnotized
person is most likely to
a. show physiological activation of the sensory cortex.
b. exhibit a brain-wave pattern similar to that of Stage 4 sleep.
c. have no sensory experience of the pain-producing procedure.
d. be unable to remember anything that occurred during the procedure.
e. demonstrate behaviors that indicate an NREM state.
Alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, and a wide variety of other chemical agents that alter perceptions and
moods are called
a. stimulants.
b. narcotic agents.
c. psychoactive drugs.
d. hallucinogens.
e. physiological dependents.
____ 65. Drugs such as alcohol and opiates that calm neural activity and slow body functions are called
a. hallucinogens.
b. depressants.
c. endorphins.
d. amphetamines.
e. dissociatives.
____ 66. After a stressful day at the office, Arthur has five or six drinks at a local bar before going home for
____ 67.
____ 68.
____ 69.
____ 70.
dinner. Research suggests that Arthur's heavy drinking will have the most adverse effect on his
ability to remember
a. at the time he is drinking the names of the people he has just met.
b. the next day the names of the people he talked to and what he said while drinking.
c. at the time he is drinking the name of his employer and his own home address.
d. the next day the names of the business associates he talked to before going to the
bar.
e. at the time he is drinking how to do long division.
What is most likely to occur when the brain is repeatedly flooded with artificial opiates?
a. The immune system is suppressed.
b. The brain shrinks.
c. The brain stops making dopamine.
d. The level of serotonin is permanently decreased.
e. The brain stops producing endorphins.
In Aldous Huxley's Brave New World, infants develop a fear of books after books are repeatedly
presented with a loud noise. In this fictional example, the loud noise is a(n)
a. unconditioned stimulus.
b. unconditioned response.
c. conditioned stimulus.
d. conditioned response.
e. preconditioned stimulus.
A dog's salivation at the sight of a food dish is a(n)
a. conditioned stimulus.
b. unconditioned stimulus.
c. unconditioned response.
d. conditioned response.
e. higher-order response.
After repeatedly taking alcohol spiked with a nausea-producing drug, people with alcohol
dependence may fail to develop an aversive reaction to alcohol because they blame their nausea on
the drug. This illustrates the importance of ________ in classical conditioning.
a. biological predispositions
b. generalization
c. negative reinforcement
d. cognitive processes
e. spontaneous recovery
____ 71. Little Albert developed a fear of rats after a white rat was paired with a loud noise. In this case, the
____ 72.
____ 73.
____ 74.
____ 75.
____ 76.
____ 77.
loud noise was the
a. unconditioned stimulus.
b. conditioned stimulus.
c. conditioned reinforcer.
d. delayed reinforcer.
e. primary reinforcer.
Which of the following terms best describes a respondent behavior?
a. purposeful
b. conscious
c. reflexive
d. voluntary
e. unlearned
Shaping is a(n) ________ procedure.
a. latent learning
b. operant conditioning
c. classical conditioning
d. observational learning
e. cognitive mapping
A variable-interval schedule of reinforcement is one in which a response is reinforced only after a(n)
a. specified time period has elapsed.
b. unpredictable number of responses has been made.
c. specified number of responses has been made.
d. unpredictable time period has elapsed.
e. number of responses is performed in a specific time period.
A slow but steady rate of operant responding is associated with the ________ schedule of
reinforcement.
a. fixed-ratio
b. immediate-interval
c. variable-ratio
d. variable-interval
e. fixed-interval
Punishment is a potentially hazardous way for teachers to control young children's behaviors
because
a. the more severely children are punished for undesirable behaviors, the more likely
they will exhibit those behaviors.
b. children will forget how to perform punished behaviors even when the behaviors
may be justified and necessary.
c. the use of punishment could condition children to fear and avoid school.
d. punishment cannot temporarily restrain undesirable behaviors.
e. although punishments delivered by parents can be effective, teacher-delivered
punishments usually have little effect.
The desire to engage in an activity for the sake of its own enjoyment involves
a. secondary reinforcers.
b. spontaneous recovery.
c. intrinsic motivation.
d. latent learning.
e. unconditioned stimuli.
____ 78. The desire to perform a behavior due to promised rewards or threats of punishment involves
a. latent learning.
b. extrinsic motivation.
c. partial reinforcement.
d. delayed reinforcers.
e. classical conditioning.
____ 79. It is easier to train a dog to bark for food than to train it to stand on its hind legs for food. This best
____ 80.
____ 81.
____ 82.
____ 83.
____ 84.
illustrates the importance of ________ in learning.
a. primary reinforcement
b. generalization
c. biological predispositions
d. negative reinforcement
e. spontaneous recovery
B. F. Skinner's critics have claimed that he neglected the importance of the individual's
a. personal freedom.
b. early childhood experiences.
c. pleasure-seeking tendencies.
d. cultural background.
e. past behaviors.
Compared with apartment dwellers whose landlords pay their electricity costs, those apartment
dwellers who pay their own electric bills use less electricity. This most clearly illustrates that
consumer electricity usage is influenced by
a. operant conditioning.
b. classical conditioning.
c. observational learning.
d. spontaneous recovery.
e. latent learning.
Encoding that occurs with no effort or a minimal level of conscious attention is known as
a. recall.
b. long-term potentiation.
c. automatic processing.
d. state-dependent memory.
e. chunking.
The effortful processing of information
a. typically interferes with the capacity to think creatively.
b. cannot easily be suppressed and inhibited.
c. can become automatic through practice.
d. occurs less frequently among adults than children.
e. takes place in the cerebellum.
When first introduced to someone, Marcel effectively remembers the person's name by repeating it
to himself several times. Marcel makes use of a strategy called
a. chunking.
b.
c.
d.
e.
____ 85.
____ 86.
____ 87.
____ 88.
____ 89.
____ 90.
automatic processing.
mnemonics.
the serial position effect.
rehearsal.
Sabrina went to the store for furniture polish, carrots, pencils, ham, sponges, celery, notebook paper,
and salami. She remembered to buy all these items by reminding herself that she needed food
products that included meats and vegetables and that she needed nonfood products that included
school supplies and cleaning aids. Sabrina made effective use of
a. the spacing effect.
b. hierarchical organization.
c. automatic processing.
d. the peg-word system.
e. implicit memory.
Rats given a drug that enhances long-term potentiation (LTP) will learn a maze with half the usual
number of mistakes. This suggests that
a. priming is affected by the release of serotonin into the synapse.
b. proactive interference is minimized by LTP.
c. source amnesia decreases the more the rat runs the maze.
d. LTP provides a neural basis for learning and remembering associations.
e. state-dependent memories are easily retrieved.
The often unconscious activation of particular associations in memory is called
a. chunking.
b. automatic processing.
c. repression.
d. priming.
e. state-dependent memory.
Retrieval cues are most likely to facilitate a process known as
a. automatic processing.
b. repression.
c. chunking.
d. relearning.
e. priming.
Ebbinghaus discovered that the rate at which we forget newly learned information is initially
a. slow and subsequently stays slow.
b. slow and subsequently speeds up.
c. rapid and subsequently stays rapid.
d. rapid and subsequently slows down.
e. steady and subsequently speeds up.
A type of motivated forgetting in which anxiety-arousing memories are blocked from conscious
awareness is known as
a. retroactive interference.
b. proactive interference.
c. the spacing effect.
d. repression.
e. priming.
____ 91. Philippe has just completed medical school. In reflecting on his years of formal education, he is able
____ 92.
____ 93.
____ 94.
____ 95.
____ 96.
to recall the names of all his instructors except the fifth-grade teacher who flunked him. According
to Freud, his forgetting illustrates
a. repression.
b. proactive interference.
c. retroactive interference.
d. the serial position effect.
e. the spacing effect.
Which of the following best describes the position of many current researchers regarding repression?
a. Repressed memories protect our self-concept and minimize anxiety.
b. Only implicit memories are repressed into unconsciousness.
c. Repression rarely occurs as it is difficult to forget emotional material.
d. Repressed memories, once out of consciousness, are not harmful.
e. The activity of the hippocampus leads to repression.
After reading a newspaper report suggesting that drunken driving might have contributed to a recent
auto accident, several people who actually witnessed the accident began to remember the driver
involved as traveling more recklessly than was actually the case. This provides an example of
a. proactive interference.
b. the serial position effect.
c. state-dependent memory.
d. the self-reference effect.
e. the misinformation effect.
In testing thousands of different materials for use as lightbulb filaments, Thomas Edison best
illustrated a problem-solving approach known as
a. the representativeness heuristic.
b. trial and error.
c. functional fixedness.
d. the confirmation bias.
e. belief perseverance.
Research participants were asked to identify a word that could be associated meaningfully with each
of three other words. Solutions that occurred with sudden insight were accompanied by a burst of
activity in the brain's ________ lobe.
a. right temporal
b. left parietal
c. right occipital
d. right parietal
e. right frontal
University students were asked to figure out the rule used to devise the three-number sequence 2-46. After generating sets of three numbers to learn whether their sets met the rule, they typically
convinced themselves of the wrong rule. Their errors best illustrated the impact of
a. functional fixedness.
b. the availability heuristic.
c. the framing effect.
d. confirmation bias.
e. the representativeness heuristic.
____ 97. The beginning of babies' receptive language development is best illustrated by their capacity to
a. recognize the distinctive sound of their own voice.
b. match another person's distinctive mouth movements with the appropriate sounds.
c. babble only sounds that are part of the household language.
d. comprehend the meaning of languages they have never experienced.
e. speak in short, telegraphic sentences.
____ 98. Which of the following would be most characteristic of a 2-year-old's telegraphic speech?
a. “a doggy”
b. “eat apple”
c. “to store”
d. “ball pretty”
e. “daddy funny”
____ 99. Three-year old Lucy said, “Mommy goed to the store. ” Lucy's mistake best demonstrates that
a. telegraphic speech may not necessarily be grammatically correct.
b. children learn language through behavioral principles.
c. learning theory does not adequately explain language acquisition.
d. linguistic determinism impacts how language is acquired.
e. young children think primarily in images.
____ 100. Introductory psychology students performed best on a midterm psychology test if they had
previously spent five minutes a day visualizing themselves
a. studying effectively.
b. physically relaxing.
c. receiving a high midterm test grade.
d. feeling proud about receiving a high midterm test grade.
e. imitating the most successful student in class.