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Muscular System 9 – 10
1. First, identify the structures described in Column A by matching them with the terms in
Column B. Enter the correct letters in the answer blanks. Then, select a different color for
each of the terms in Column B that has a color-coding circle and color the structures in on
Figure 9-1.
Column A
Column B
_____
1. A muscle cell
a. endomysium
_____
2. Thin connective tissue investing each muscle cell
b. epimysium
_____
3. Cordlike extension of connective tissue beyond the
muscle, serving to attach it to the bone
c. fascicle
d. fiber
_____
4. A long, filamentous organelle found within muscle cells
that has a banded appearance
e. myofilament
_____
5. Contractile unit of muscle
f. myofibril
_____
6. Actin or myosin-containing structure
g. perimysium
_____
7. A discrete bundle of muscle cells
h. sarcolemma
_____
8. Connective tissue surrounding a fascicle
i. sarcomere
_____
9. Plasma membrane of the muscle cell
j. sarcoplasm
_____ 10. Connective tissue ensheathing the entire muscle
k. tendon
Figure 9-1
2. Figure 9-2 is a diagrammatic representation of a small portion of a relaxed muscle cell
(bracket indicates the portion enlarged). First, select different colors for the structures
listed below. Use them to color the coding circles and corresponding structures on figure
9-2. Then bracket and label an A band, and I band, and a sarcomere.
Myosin
Actin filaments
Z-line
Figure 9-2
3. Several criteria are applied to the naming of muscles. These are provided in the key
choices. Identify which ones pertain to the muscles listed here and enter the correct
letter(s) in the answer blanks.
a. action
_____ 1. adductor brevis
b. direction of fibers
_____ 2. brachioradialis
c. location of muscle
_____ 3. deltoid
d. location of the origin and insertions
_____ 4. extensor digitorum longus
e. number of origins
_____ 5. Internal oblique
f. relative muscle size
_____ 6. orbicularis oculi
g. shape of the muscle
_____ 7. pectoralis major
_____ 8. sternohyoid
_____ 9. quadriceps femoris
Muscles of the Head and Neck
4. Name the major muscles described here. Select a different color for each muscle listed
and color in the coding circle and corresponding muscles on Figure 10-1.
____________________________ Used to form the horizontal frown cease on the forehead or
to raise your eyebrows
____________________________ Prime mover of head flexion; a two-headed muscle
____________________________ Prime mover of jaw closure
____________________________ Synergist muscle for jaw closure, elevates and retracts
mandible
____________________________ Used in winking and blinking
____________________________ Used in smiling
____________________________ Used to suck in your cheeks
____________________________ The “kissing” muscle
Figure 10-1
5. Name the anterior trunk muscles described here. Then, for each muscle name that has a
color coding circle, select a different color for the coding circle and corresponding muscle
on Figure 10-2.
_____________________________ Part of the abdominal girdle; forms the external lateral walls
of the abdomen
_____________________________ Prime mover for shoulder abduction
_____________________________ A major spine flexor; the name means “straight muscle of
the abdomen”
_____________________________ Acting alone, each muscle of this pair turns the head toward
the opposite shoulder
_____________________________ Prime mover for shoulder flexion and adduction
Figure 10-2
6. Name the posterior trunk muscles described here. Select a different color for each muscle
with a coding circle and color the coding circles and corresponding muscles on
Figure 10-3.
_____________________________ Muscle that adducts the shoulder and causes extension of
the shoulder joint
_____________________________ Shoulder muscle that is the antagonist of the muscle just
described
_____________________________ Muscle that allows you to shrug your shoulders or extend
your head
Figure 10-3
Muscles of the Hip, Thigh, and Leg
7. Name the muscles described here. Select a different color for each muscle provided
with a color-coding circle, and use it to color the coding circles and corresponding
muscles on Figure 10-4. Complete the illustration by labeling those muscles provided
with leader lines.
_____________________________ Muscle group the extends the thigh and flexes the knee
_____________________________ Inverts and dorsiflexes the foot
_____________________________ Smaller hip muscle commonly used as an injection site
_____________________________ Used to extend the hip when climbing stairs; forms
buttock
_____________________________ “Toe dancer’s” muscle; a composite of two muscles
_____________________________ Muscle group that extends the knee
Figure 10-4
8. Name the muscles described here. Then select different colors for each muscle provided
with a color-coding circle and use them to color in the coding circles and corresponding
muscles on Figure 10-5.
______________________________ Muscle that extends the elbow
______________________________ Powerful shoulder abductor, used to raise the arm
overhead
______________________________ Muscle that allows you to bend (flex) the elbow
Figure10-5
Developmental Aspects of the Muscular System
9. Complete the following statements concerning the embryonic development of muscles
and their functioning throughout life. Insert your answers in the answer blanks.
__ quickening __________ 1.
The first movement of the baby detected by the mother-to-be
is called the _1_.
_______________________ 2.
________________________ 3.
An important congential muscular disease that results in the
degeneration of the skeletal muscles by young adulthood is
called _2_.
________________________ 4.
________________________ 5.
________________________ 6.
________________________ 7.
Muscles will ordinarily stay healthy if they are _3_ regularly;
without normal stimulation they _4_.
With age, our skeletal muscles decrease in mass; this leads
to a decrease in body _5_ and in muscle _6_. Muscle tissue
that is lost is replaced by noncontractile _7_ tissue.
10. Complete the following chart on the major muscles of the body and their actions. Be sure
to study this section for the test.
Muscle
Action
closes eye
flexes head toward chest
puckers lips
rotates trunk
flexes trunk
elevates shoulders
extends forearm
adducts arm
flexes upper arm
flexes forearm
abducts arm
extends foot
extends thigh
adducts thigh
flexes thigh and extends lower leg
flexes lower leg
flexes foot