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Grade 9 Academic Science Review Questions
Exam Details: Date:_____________________ Time:________ Room ________ (worth 20 % of final mark)
Bring: Calculator, pens, pencils, eraser, water, TEXTBOOK; turn cell phones OFF!
Tips: Try old tests and quizzes. Read the text and try review questions. Summarize your notes. Make unit mind
maps and study sheets. Study with a friend. Use a variety of study techniques. Come to the exam confident, wellrested and prepared to try your best!
Extra help available:
Sustainable Ecosystems
1. Define symbiosis, predation and competition.
2. Name and describe the four spheres that make up the Earth.
3. Describe how nutrients can be cycled from one sphere to another. E.g. explain how carbon can be cycled from
the lithosphere into the atmosphere? How can nitrogen move from the atmosphere into the lithospher?.
4. Describe the cause and effect of eutrophication.
5. State the source of energy for photosynthesis, and the word equation that describes the reaction of photosynthesis.
6. State the word and chemical equation that describes the reaction of cellular respiration.
7. Describe the cause and effect of the enhanced greenhouse effect. What are the main greenhouse gases?
8. Describe the cause and effect of acid precipitation.
9. Define population, limiting factor and carrying capacity.
10. Draw and label a growth curve for a typical population.
11. Define niche, and describe the niche of any species you choose.
12. Describe an example of bottom-up population regulation and top-down population regulation.
13. Define mutualism and parasitism, and describe an example for each.
14. Define doubling time.
15. Define ecological footprint, and describe three ways Canadians could reduce our ecological footprint.
16. Describe three ecological services provided by rainforests, and by oceans.
17. Define biodiversity and outline why it is important. Describe two ways in which biodiversity can be measured in a
forest ecosystem.
18. Describe three threats to biodiversity. Discuss how human negatively impact biodiversity.
19. Define alien species and state two Canadian examples.
20. Define overexploitation, and describe an example.
21. Define extinction.
22. Define environmental stewardship and restoration ecology. Provide examples of restoration ecology.
23. Define biocontrol and describe an example.
24. Differentiate between:
abiotic and biotic
trophic level and trophic efficiency
population and community
bioaccumulation and biomagnification
predator and prey
keystone species and dominant species
quadrat and transect sampling
bioremediation and bioaugmentation
cellular respiration and fermentation
primary consumer and secondary consumer
evaporation and condensation
alien species and native species
Atoms, Elements and Compounds
1. Be familiar with the appropriate WHMIS symbol(s) for various chemicals in the workplace.
2. a) Differentiate between independent, dependent and control variables.
b) Question: Does the amount of sleep you get the night before an exam affect the mark you will get on the exam?
Write a hypothesis. Identify the independent, dependent and at least 3 control variables.
3. a) Differentiate between a quantitative and qualitative observation.
b) Identify which type each of the following observations falls under:
i) blue sky
ii) 15 birds
iii) thick fluid
iv) many light bulbs
v) 17.5 V
4. a) Define density. State the formula used to calculate density.
b) An object has a mass of 9 kg and a volume of 4.5 L. Calculate its density, and show a complete GRASS solution.
c) Will the object in c) float or sink in water? in alcohol? in mercury? Explain your answer for each.
d) If mercury (13.6 g/cm3), carbon tetrachloride (1.6 g/cm3), mineral oil (0.8 g/cm3) and water (1.0 g/cm3) are all
put into a graduated cylinder, state the order in which they would appear from bottom to top.
5. a) Use the Particle Theory to explain why objects expand when heated and contract when cooled.
b) Use the Particle Theory to explain the difference between solids, liquids and gases.
c) Use the Particle Theory to explain changes of state like condensation, melting, and sublimation.
6. a) Classify matter into pure substances and mixtures. Give an example of each type.
b) Classify air, sugar, raisin bran cereal and carbon using your classification chart.
c) Differentiate between heterogeneous and homogeneous.
7. Differentiate between:
metals and nonmetals
malleability and viscosity
compounds and elements
protons and neutrons
atomic number and atomic mass
alkali metals and halogens
atoms and molecules
corrosion and combustion
solute and solvent
halogens and alkali metals
stability and toxicity
Thomson’s and Rutherford’s atomic models
8. Differentiate between chemical and physical changes. List several clues that indicate a chemical change has taken place.
9. Describe three examples of chemical properties.
10. Outline the main contribution to the model of the atom made by Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford, Bohr and Chadwick.
11. a) Define and give an example of a metalloid.
b) State two properties that metalloids could share with non-metals.
c) State two properties that metalloids could share with metals.
12. a) Explain why hydrogen is in Column 1 of the Periodic Table.
b) Describe the main difference between hydrogen and all the other elements in Column 1.
c) Describe how the elements are placed in rows (or periods) of the Periodic Table.
13. a) Identify and describe the subatomic particles that make up an atom.
b) If an atom gains or loses an electron what is it called?
c) Define isotope.
14. a) Use the periodic table to determine the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in an atom of He, Cl and S.
b) Draw the Bohr-Rutherford diagram for: C atom, O atom, Mg atom, F atom
c) State the standard atomic notation for Fe and Ne.
15. a) Describe the physical properties of oxygen gas, carbon dioxide gas and hydrogen gas.
b) If you were given all 3 gases, describe how you could chemically test them to confirm which gas was which.
Describe the specific splint test for each and the expected positive result.
Characteristics of Electricity
1. Differentiate between charging by friction, contact, and induction. Use diagrams to show the movement of
electrons and the position of protons to illustrate the charge build up.
2. Describe how lightning is formed. What precautions can be taken to avoid strikes?
3. Explain how lightning rods work.
4. Use the electrostatic series to predict the charges that will result if wool and glass are rubbed together. What if
rubber and plastic are rubbed together?
5. State the laws of static charge.
6. Differentiate between:
cell and batteries
ammeter and voltmeter
parallel and series circuits
static and current electricity
current and potential difference
electrode and electrolyte
coulomb and ampere
direct and alternating current
step-up and step-down transformers
kilowatt and kilowatt·hour
base load and peak load
renewable and non-renewable energy sources
7. What are the components of a circuit? Draw a schematic diagram of a complete circuit with a lightbulb, a switch
and a 6 volt battery composed of four 1.5 V dry cells connected in series. What would happen to the voltage
across the lightbulb if another lightbulb was added in series to the circuit? Explain if the same thing would
happen if the lightbulb was connected in parallel instead, and draw the circuit diagram for this circuit as well.
8. Describe how an ammeter and a voltmeter should be connected in a circuit in order to get useful measurements.
9. Define electrical resistance. Describe what happens to the resistance in a circuit if the current is doubled.
10. a) State two factors that can affect the resistance of a wire in a circuit.
b) Draw the symbol for a resistor.
11. Re-do assignments, tests and quizzes to practice solving problems involving calculations for Ohm’s Law. Know
the units and be able to modify the equations.
12. State what happens to the current, from the source, in a circuit if more loads are added in series. State what
happens to the current, from the source, if more loads are added in parallel.
13. Describe the function of fuses and circuit breakers in home wiring.
14. Define “power rating” of an electrical appliance. Describe why the actual power used may be different than the
power rating.
15. Describe how the cost of using an electrical appliance can be calculated.
16. Describe what a smart meter is used for.
17. Describe time of use pricing for electricity. Explain why there are different prices depending on time of day.
18. Define phantom load and state an example.
19. State two examples of non-renewable energy sources, and two examples of renewable sources.
The Study of the Universe
1. a) Describe how early astronomers marked the passage of time using observations of the sky.
b) Explain why these observations were important to early civilizations.
2. Differentiate between:
rotation and revolution
constellation and asterism
apparent and absolute magnitude
ellipse and circle
comet and asteroid
meteoroid and meteorite
natural and man-made satellites
nebula and supernova
3. Draw a diagram to show why the seasons change in the Northern Hemisphere. Label the Sun, and draw the
position of Earth four times on the diagram to show its location and the season at that time. Use an arrow to
show the direction of Earth’s orbit around the Sun.
4. Describe what causes the phases of the Moon.
5. Describe the cause and effect of retrograde motion. Name two planets that show this type of motion.
6. Describe three unique properties for each planet in our solar system.
7. Name the celestial objects that are considered part of our solar system. Name the planets in order from the Sun outward.
8. State the unit used to describe astronomical distances within our solar system. Define the following units and
put them in order of increasing size: kilometer, light year, AU
9. Describe the orbit of a comet, and explain the formation and direction of pointing of its tail.
10. a) Describe the importance of Polaris. Describe how pointer stars can be used to locate this star.
b) Explain why Polaris never seems to change location in the night sky.
c) Describe the use of pointer stars. Use Orion as an example.
11. a) State the name of the surface of the Sun.
b) Explain how the Sun formed, and describe the nuclear fusion process.
c) Describe the events in the evolution of a Sun-sized star, including the name of the star that it will eventually become.
12. Define sunspot. Explain the cause and effects of solar flares.
13. Outline three reasons the Sun is important to life on Earth.
14. Describe what is shown by a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram.
15. Describe the relationship between temperature and colour of stars. Use examples in your answer.
16. Use diagrams to explain lunar and solar eclipses.
17. Discuss some of the challenges of sending humans into space. Name two Canadian astronauts.
18. Define galaxy and name two examples of shapes of galaxies.
19. Define the Local Group.
20. Outline the generally accepted theory of the origin of the universe.
21. Outline the evidence provided by red-shift. Describe what is shown by the images from COBE and WMAP.