Download Objective 1 and Chemistry

8th Grade Science Final Exam Review
Scientific Processes:
1. Record the mass of the object on the triple beam balance diagram below.
2. Record the volume of liquid in the graduated cylinders below.
3. What is the formula to calculate the density of an object?
4. Describe how you would determine the density of a rock.
Interpret the graph to the right and answer the following questions..
5. What is the independent variable?
6. What is the dependent variable?
7. What temperature has the greatest growth rate? Least?
8. What can you infer about temperature and bacterial growth?
9. What would be a valid conclusion based on the information in the graph?
Chemistry
1. Identify the mass, electric charge and location of each subatomic particle in the table below.
Subatomic Particle
Mass
Electric Charge
Location in the atom
Proton
Neutron
Electron
Determine the following information about an Fluorine atom using the diagram below.
2. Atomic #: __________
3. # of Protons: ___________
4. # of Neutrons: __________
5. # of Electrons: __________
6. Mass #: __________
(Atomic Mass rounded to the nearest whole #)
7. Illustrate a bohr model of an atom of Fluorine.
8. Using the periodic table what type of element is Fluorine (metal, non-metal, or metalloid)?
9. What group # and period # is Fluorine in on the Periodic Table?
10. What are valence electrons?
11. What does the # of valence electrons determine about an element?
12. What determines the identity of an element?
13. What are always equal in a neutral atom?
14. What determines the mass # of an atom?
15. Describe the physical properties of metals, non-metals and metalloids.
Metals
Metalloids
Non-Metals
16. Identify the metals, non-metals and metalloids on the periodic table below.
17. What element does the atom model to the right represent?
18. What is its atomic #?
19. How many protons does it have?
20. How many neutrons does it have?
21. What is its mass #?
22. How many electrons does it have?
23. How many valence electrons does it have?
24. What group # on the periodic table is it in?
25. What is the charge of this atoms nucleus?
26. What is a chemical formula? What can you tell about a substance by looking at its chemical
formula?
27. Complete the table below identifying the elements and the number atoms for each element in
each chemical formula.
Chemical Formula
NaHCO3
Elements
Total # of elements
H3PO4
CaCO3
28. What is a chemical equation and what does it represent?
# of atoms per element
Total # of atoms
29. What does it mean for a chemical equation to be balanced and how does this follow the law of
conservation of mass?
30. Determine which of the following chemical equations is balanced and explain why.
1
2 Na + 2 H2O  NaOH + H2
2
2 H2 + O2  2 H2O
Chemical Reactions
3 Mg + Cl2  MgCl
4
NaOH + MgCl2  NaCl + MgOH
31. List the 5 indicators that are evidence of a chemical reaction that identify that a new substance
with different properties has formed.
Physics
1. What is the formula to calculate force? What is the unit of measurement for force?
2. Calculate the force of each object in the table below.
Object
Mass
Acceleration
A
3 kg
3 m/s2
B
5 kg
4 m/s2
3. What is the difference between balanced and unbalanced forces?
4. What is acceleration? What are three ways objects can accelerate?
5. What is the difference between speed and velocity?
6. How does the mass of an object influence its acceleration?
Describe and give an example of Newton’s 3 Laws of Motion.
7. Newton’s Law of Inertia:
8. Newton’s Law of Force and Acceleration:
9. Newton’s Law of Action/Reaction:
Force
SPACE
1. Label the season at each location for the Northern Hemisphere in the diagram below:
1–
2–
3–
4–
2. Why do we experience seasons? What causes the changes in the seasons?
3. What causes day and night on Earth?
4. During what season do we experience our longest days?
5. During what season do we experience our shortest days?
6. Where on Earth doesn’t experience changes in seasons and why?
7. Label the phase of the moon at each location in the diagram to the right.
T–
Q–
R–
S–
8. Label each phase of the moon in the diagram.
1
Moon Observations
2
3
4
9. Draw and label the phase of the moon that occurs in the lunar cycle before #1 in the picture above.
10. Draw and label the phase of the moon that occurs in the lunar cycle after #4 in the picture above.
11. How long does it take for the moon to go through one lunar cycle?
12. How long does it take to go from a New Moon to a Full Moon?
13. What causes ocean tides on Earth? How does the Sun influence the tides?
14. How many high and low tides occur on our coastlines each day?
15. Compare Spring and Neap tides. (Tide ranges, moon phases, & drawing)
Spring Tides
Neap Tides
16. What is used to measure distances in space and why?
17. Explain what galaxies are and describe the three types of galaxies.
18. What type of galaxy is the Milky Way and where is our Sun located?
Using the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram below, describe the temperature and brightness of each of
the following types of stars.
19. White Dwarf Stars –
20. Giant Stars –
21. Super Giant Stars –
22. Main Sequence Stars –
Earth Science
1. List 4 pieces of evidence that supports plate tectonic theory and continental drift.
1–
2–
3–
4–
2. What causes tectonic plates to move? Where does it occur?
3. Describe the 3 types of tectonic plate boundaries & list the crustal features that form at each.
Convergent Boundaries
Divergent Boundaries
Transform Boundaries
3. What is a subduction zone & what type of boundary would it fall under?
4. What crustal features form at subduction zones?
5. What is the difference between Earth’s weather and climate?
6. What is the main cause of Earth’s weather and climate?
7. What is the energy source that drives Earth’s weather and climate? How is this energy distributed
around Earth?
8. What causes wind and ocean currents?
9. Where do hurricanes form?
10. Define what a front is and describe how the cold and
warm fronts indicated on the map below affect the
weather for each area.
11. Define high and low air pressure and describe how the
high and low air pressure systems indicated on the map
below affect the weather for each area.
12. What is a topographic Map?
13. What are contour lines and what do they indicate on the map?
14. What is the contour interval on a topographic map?
15. What is the change in elevation between W and X?
16. What is the change in elevation between Y and X?
17. Which path is steeper?
Life Science
Use the food web to give an example for each of the following:
1. Primary consumer:
2. Predator-Prey:
3. Decomposer:
4. Biotic factors (3):
5. Abiotic factors (3):
6. Explain and give examples of long-term environmental changes.
7. Explain and give examples of short-term environmental changes.
8. Give 2 examples of human activities and natural events that can cause the extinction of species.
9. How do humans depend on oceans?
10. Describe what artificial reefs are and how they affect our oceans. Do they have a positive or
negative affect?
11. What is natural selection and how does it affect the survival of a species?