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6) Noun phrases/noun phrases with of 1. Rewrite the following sentences replacing the words in italics with a suitable noun phrase. Most, but not all are noun phrases with of. 1. The report had not recognised how severe global warming would be this century The report had underestimated __________________________________________this century. 2. The only way to diagnose the disease accurately is to obtain a blood sample A (n) _________________________________________depends on obtaining a blood sample. 3. Many countries are dangerously dependent on oil as a source of energy. Many countries have ________________________________________________as a source of energy. 4. You can insure yourself of losing your income if you become unemployed, There is________________________________________________ caused by ______________ 5. Piaget is known for his studies of the way children developed intellectually. Piaget is known for his studies of_______________________________________________ __________________________________________________ 7) Hedging 2. Compare sentences a) and b) below. Underline the two additional words which qualify the statement in sentence b). Which statement are you more likely to believe? Why? a) Cancer drugs serve as an unexpected new weapon against deadly antibiotic-resistant bacteria. b) Cancer drugs may serve as an unexpected new weapon against some deadly antibioticresistant bacteria. 3. Underline the words which are used to qualify the following statements. 1. The decline in sea ice cover in the Amundsen Sea appears to be linked to the warming of West Antarctica 2. Logging companies are sometimes asked to protect certain areas of undamaged habitat to compensate for the damage their operations do. 3. Extra doses of a molecule that helps to protect lung cells from the damage caused by smoking might one day reduce some of the dangers associated with the habit. 4. Use hedging language from the table below to qualify the following statements where appropriate. Example New evidence shows that early dinosaurs crawled on all fours before learning to stand upright New evidence suggests that some early dinosaurs may have crawled on all fours before learning to stand upright 1. Olive oil has a similar anti-inflammatory effect to the drug ibuprofen, which explains why the Mediterranean diet protects against cancer and other diseases. 2. The earth beneath our feet contains 100 times as many species of bacteria as we thought. According to recent research, one gram of soil harbours up to a million microbial species 3. Skeletons recently discovered in Scotland indicate that ancient Britons practised the art of mummification at the same time as the Egyptians. 4. The floods caused by Hurricane Theo will create the perfect breeding ground for mosquitoes, which transmit West Nile virus, and it will be at least a month before we know the scale of the risk to public health. Conversely, the hurricane will also have the opposite effect and get rid of the disease altogether. Key hedging language Effect Language Modal auxiliary Adverb or noun Verb Adjective Time expression Frequency adverb Quantifier Example will, may, might, can, could certainly, possibly, perhaps. There is a possibility that … It shows/indicates that… It seems/appears that… This suggests that… It tends to… It is certain, likely, probable that …. (very) soon, at some point, one day always, sometimes, often, rarely all, most, many, some, certain