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Outline of Medical Microbiology 课程名称:医学微生物学 授课专业:五年制全英班临床医学专业 学时与学分:总学时数为 72(理论课 42 学时,实验课 30 学时) 一、课程性质和目的 Preface This outline is for 5-year medical students. The curriculum is organized into there parts: bacteriology, mycology and virology. The students will be expected to master the basic theory, knowledge and techniques used in medical microbiology. In the course of lessons, teachers may introduce new concepts in medical microbiology in addition to the contents of the textbook. For concrete content of each chapter, the aims and requests will be divided into three parts: master contents, familiar contents and comprehended contents. According to the teaching plan of our university implemented in 2006, there are 70 total hours of teaching divided into 40 hours for lectures and 38 hours for laboratory work. 二、理论课教学内容及基本要求 Part Ⅰ fundamentals of microbiology and parasitology Part Ⅱ bacteriology 【Requirement】 Master the definition of microorganism Master the classification of microorganism Master the definition and characteristics of the prokaryote 【Class hour】 0.5 hours Chapter 7 Morphology and Structure of bacteria 【Requirement】 Master the superficial structure of bacteria. Master the special structure of bacteria and their functions. Master the following concepts : 1. plasmid 2. flagellum 3. pillus 4. capsule 5. spore 6.L-form bacterium 7. lipopolysaccharide(LPS) Understand the size and shape of bacteria. 【Class hour】 2 hours Chapter 8 Physiology of bacteria 【Requirement】 Master the reason that obligate anaerobes can’t grow in free oxygen condition. Master the metabolic products of bacteria. Master the following concepts: pure culture, pyrogens Understand bacterial nutrition. Understand the growth curve of bacteria 【Class hour】2 hours Chapter 9 Sterilization and Disinfection 【Requirement】 Master the concepts of sterilization, disinfection, antisepsis and asepsis. Master the physical action of antimicrobial methods. Master the antimicrobial method of UV : Understand the chemical antimicrobial methods. Understand the factors affecting disinfectant potency. 【Class hour】 1 hours Chapter 10 Bacterial Genetics and Variation 【Requirement】 Master the characteristics of plasmid. Master the mechanism of mutation and gene transfer of bacteria. Master the following concepts : 1. Plasmid 2. transformation 3. transduction 5. lysogenic phage (temperate phage) 4. conjugation 6. lysogenic bacteria 7. prophage Understand the gene mutation Understand the homologous recombination 【Class hour】2 hours Chapter 11 Bacterial infection and immunity 【Requirement】 Master the infection of opportunistic pathogenic bacteria Master the functions of normal flora Master the following concepts : 1. normal flora 2. opportunistic pathogenic bacteria Master the mechanism of bacterial virulence Master the toxins of bacteria Master the following concepts : 1.Toxemia 2.bacteremia 3.septicemia 4.pyemia Understand the host defence against bacterial infection 【Class hour】 2 hours Chapter 12 Principles of Diagnosis and Prevention of Bacterial Infection 【Requirement】 Master the general approach to the diagnosis of a bacterial infection Master the concept of artificial immunity Master the uses and common byproduct of artificial active immunity and artificial passive immunization Understand the type of serological diagnosis Understand the other test of pathogen Understand the type of vaccines 【Class hour】1 hours Chapter 14 Coccus 【Requirement】 Master the diseases, pathogenesis and clinical findings of Staphylococcus and Streptococcus. Master the important toxins and enzymes produced by S. aureus and group A streptococcus. Master the three hemolytic types of streptococcus. Master the biological characteristics of meningococci and gonococci Master the pathogenesis of pneumococci Understand the following concepts: 1. Coagulase 2. SPA 3. M protein 4. Streptolysin 5. poststreptococcal diseases Understand the transmission, laboratory diagnosis, treatment and prevention of staphylococcus, streptococcus, meningococci and gonococci 【Class hour】 2 hours Chapter 15 Enteric Bacilli 【Requirement】 Master antigens and common features of the enteric bacilli. Master the diseases, pathogenesis and clinical findings of Escherichia. Master the surface structural components and toxin associated with pathogenesis of Escherichia. Master the feature of three types E.coli (ETEC, EIEC, EHEC) in intestinal tract i nfection. Master the disease of systemic infection caused by E.coli. Master the antigenic structure, classification pathogenicity and laboratory diagnosis of shigella and salmonella Master the Widal test Understand the important properties, laboratory diagnosis, treatment and prevention of Escherichia. Understand the detection of carrier and its significance of salmonella Understand the immunity and prophylactic – therapenic principle of shigella 【Class hour】 2 hours Chapter 16 Vibrio 【Requirement】 Master the mechanism of pathogenicity of V. cholerea Master the culture of V. cholerea Master the treatment and prevention of V. cholerea Master the pathogenesis of V. parahemolyticus Understand the halophilic and kanaganwa phenomenon of V. parahemolyticus 【Class hour】 1 hours Chapter18 Anaerobic bacteria 【Requirement】 Master the classification of anaerobic bacteria Master the pathogenetic conditions of Clostridium Master the the morphology, culltural characteristic, pathogenic meahanism of C.tetani and C.botulinum Master the morphology and pathogenicity of C. perfringens Understand the laboratory diagnosis, treatment and prevention of clostridium Understand the diseases caused by non-spore-forming anaerobes 【Class hour】 1 hours Chapter19 corynebacterium 【Requirement】 Master the morphology, cultural characteristic and pathogenicity of C.diphtheriae Understand the Schiclk test Understand the laboratory diagnosis of C.diphtheriae 【Class hour】 0.5 hours Chapter 20 Mycobacteria 【Requirement】 Master the common character and classification of Mycobacterium Master the morphology, cultural characteristic, resistance, pathogenic mechanism and laboratory diagnosis of M.tuberculosis Master the relationship between M.tuberculosis’ immunity and allergic reaction Master the principle and uses of tuberculin test Master the morphology and pathogenicity of M.laprae Understand the disease caused by Mycobacterium Understand the cultural characteristic, immunity, laboratory diagnosis of M.laprae 【Class hour】 1.5 hours Chapter22 zoonotic bacteria 【Requirement】 Master the pathogenesis of B.anthrucis, Brucella and Y.pestis Master the biochemical characteristics of B.anthrucis, Brucella and Y.pestis Understand the prevention and control of B.anthrucis, Brucella and Y.pestis 【Class hour】1 hours Chapter24 actinomyces and nocardia 【Requirement】 Master the the morphology and pathogenicity of Actinomyces Master the definition of sulfur granule Understand the cultural characteristic and laboratory diagnosis of Actinomyces Understand the pathogenicioy of Nocardia 【Class hour】 0.5 hours Chapter 25 Spirochetes 【Requirement】 Master the common characteristics of Spirochetes Master the disease caused by Spirochetes Master the morphology, cultural characteristic, pathogenicty and immunoprophylaxis of Leptospira Understand the immunity, laboratory diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Spirochetes 【Class hour】 0.5 hours Chapter 26 Chlamydiae 【Requirement】 Master the common characteristics of Chlamydiae Master the diseases caused by Chlamydiae Master the following concepts: Elementary body, Initial body, inclusion body Understand the pathogenic factor, immunity, prevention and treatment of Chlamydiae 【Class hour】 0.5 hours Chapter 27 Mycoplasmas 【Requirement】 Master the definition of Mycoplasma Master the common characteristics of Mycoplasma Master the disease caused by Mycoplasma Master the classification of Mycoplasma Understand the difference between mycoplasma and bacterial L form Understand the biochemical reaction, antigenic structure and laboratory diagnosis of mycoplasma 【Class hour】 0.5hours Chapter 28 Rickettsiae 【Requirement】 Master the common characteristics of Rickettsiae Master the disease caused by Rickettsiae and the transmitted way Master the following concepts: Weil-Felix reaction Understand the disease caused by p. prowazekii R.tyhi and R.tsutsugamushi Understand the route of transmission of p .prowazekii R.typhi and R.tsutsugamushi 【Class hou r】 0.5hours PART III Chapter 29 Virology General properties of viruses 【Requirement】 Master the chemical composition and function of viruses Master the following concepts : 1. Obligate intracellular parasites 2. Virion 3. Defective virus 4. Prion Master the size and shape of vireses Understand the characteristics of Viral Genetics. Understand the classification of viruses 【Class hour】 1 hour Chapter 30 Multiplication and variation of viruses 【Requirement】 Master the major feature of the replication cycle of viruses. Master the following concepts: defective viruses, interference Understand the biosynthesis of viruses Understand the viral variation and resistance 【Class hour】 1 hour Chapter 31 Viral infection and immunity 【Requirement】 Master the pathways of viral infections and the viruses which can result in vertical infection . Master the types of viral infection Master the antiviral activity of IFN. Understand the effects of viral infection on cells Understand the classification of IFN and the production of IFN. Understand the adaptive of specific immunity against virus 【Class hour】 1 hours Chapter 32 Diagnosis of viral infections 【Requirement】 Master the examination methods of viral infection. Understand the viral isolation and growth Understand the serologic test 【Class hour】 0.5 hours Chapter 33 Prevention and treatment of viral infection 【Requirement】 Understand the vaccines of viruses Understand the antiviral agents. 【Class hour】 1 hour Chapter 34 Hepatitis Viruses 【Requirement】 Master the comparative characteristics of hepatitis A-E viruses Master the important properties of HAV. Master the important properties, transmission, Ags & Abs, and vaccines of HBV Master the results analysis of HBV antigen-antibody detection Understand the pathogenesis of HCV Understand the biological characterization of HDV Understand the important properties of HEV. 【Class hour】 2 hours Chapter 35 Respiratory Viruses 【Requirement】 Master the major biologic properties of Influenza virus Master the structure and antigenic types of Influenza virus Master the two types of antigenic changes of Influenza virus: antigenic shift and antigenic drift. Master the pathogenesis of influenza virus, mumps virus, rubella virus, coronaviruses and SARS-coronavirus Understand the laboratory diagnosis of influenza virus Understand the major biologic properties of paramyxoviridae 【Class hour】 2 hours Chapter 36 Enteroviruses 【Requirement】 Master the common properties of Enteroviruses. Master the classification of Enteroviruses. Master the pathogenesis and prevention of poliovirus Understand the clinical findings and laboratory diagnosis of poliovirus Understand the other enteroviruses 【Class hour】 1 hours Chapter 37 Herpesviruses 【Requirement】 Master the common properties of Herpesviruses. Master the types of infection Master the pathogenesis of HSV, VZV, CMV and EBV Understand the immunity and prevention of Herpesviruses Understand the other Herpesviruses 【Class hour】 1 hours Chapter 38 Retroviruses and cancer associated viruses 【Requirement】 Master the major biologic properties of HIV Master the functions of gp120; Master the transmission of HIV; Master the prevention of HIV Understand the classification, pathogenesis and laboratory diagnosis of HIV. Understand the pathogenesis of HTLV-1 【Class hour】 2 hours Chapter 39 Encephalitis viruses 【Requirement】 Master the major biologic properties of JEV Master the vectors and reservoirs of JEV Master the pathogenesis of JEV; Understand the laboratory diagnosis and prevention of JEV. Understand the pathogenesis of forest encephalitis viruses 【Class hour】1 hours Chapter 40 hemorrhagic fever viruses 【Requirement】 Master the pathogenesis of Hantaviruses, xinjiang hemorrhagic fever virus and dengue virus Master the transmission of Hantaviruses, xinjiang hemorrhagic fever virus and dengue virus Understand the prevention of Hantaviruses, xinjiang hemorrhagic fever virus and dengue virus 【Class hour】0.5 hours Chapter 41 other important viruses 【Requirement】 Master the major biologic properties of rabies virus and rotavirus Master the definition of Negri body Master the pathogenesis and prevention of rabies virus Master the pathogenesis of rotavirus Understand the treatment of rotavirus Understand the major biologic properties of prion Understand the diseases caused by prion 【Class hour】 2 hours PART Ⅳ MYCOLOGY Chapter 42 General properties of fungi 【Requirement】 Master the morphology, culture pathogenesis and diagnosis of fungi Understand the classification, immunity and treatment of fungi 【Class hour】 1 hour Chapter 43 pathogenic fungi 【Requirement】 Master the major biologic properties of Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans Master the pathogenesis of Dermatophytes, Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans Understand the major biologic properties of Dermatophytes Understand the diagnosis Dermatophytes, Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans 【Class hour】 1 hour 三、实验课教学内容 Medical Microbiology Experiment Experiment 1 【Requirement】 Master the techniques for bacterial inoculation. Master the aseptic techniques in microbiology experiment Be familiar with the media for routine cultivation of bacteria well. 【content】 1. Distribution of bacteria in the nature and human 2. Preparation of basic media (displaying) 【Class hour】3 hours Experiment 2 【Requirement】 Master the use of oil-immersion lens of microscope. Master the approach of gram stain. Be familiar with the bacterial shape and special structure . 【content】 1. Use oil-immersion lens of microscope 2. gram stain 3. observation the shape of bacteria 【Class hour】3 hours Experiment 3 【Requirement】 Master the streaking method. Master the pure culture techniques in different mediums Be familiar with the growth of bacteria in different mediums Be familiar with the metabolic product of bacteria Be familiar with the usage of autoclaving 【content】 1. bacterial culture 2. metabolic product of bacteria (displaying) 3. usage of autoclaving (displaying) 【Class hour】3 hours Experiment 4 【Requirement】 Master the paper disk method of antibiotics sensitive test. Be familiar with the variation of bacteria Be familiar with the effects of UV Be familiar with the specificity of phage 【content】 1. effects of antibiotics on bacteria 2. the variation of bacteria (displaying) 3. the effects of UV on bacteria (displaying) 4. the specificity of phage (displaying) 【Class hour】3 hours Experiment 5 【Requirement】 Master the process of coagulase test. Be familiar with the morphology of pathogenic cocci. 【content】 1. coagulase test 2.morphology of pathogenic cocci 【Class hour】3 hours Experiment 6 【Requirement】 Master the process of isolation and identification of pathogenic enterobacteriaceae 【content】 isolation and identification of pathogenic enterobacteriaceae 【Class hour】3 hours Experiment 7 【Requirement】 Master the process of Widal test Be familiar with the endotoxin test 【content】 1. Widal test 2. endotoxin test (displaying) 【Class hour】3 hours Experiment 8 【Requirement】 Master the process of acid-fast stain. Master the process of Albert stain Be familiar with anaerobic culture and Morphology of anaerobic bacteria. 【content】 1. Introduction of anaerobic culture and morphology of anaerobic bacteria 2. acid-fast stain 3. Albert stain 【Class hour】 3 hours Experiment 9 【Requirement】 Master the process of heamagglutination test. Be familiar with viral inclusion body. 【content】 1. Heamagglutination test 2. Observation of viral inclusion body. 【Class hour】3 hours Experiment 10 【Requirement】 Master the process of the stain of fungi. Be familiar with the morphology of mycoplasma, chlamydia, spirochetes and fungi. 【content】 1. Stain of fungi 2. Morphology of mycoplasma, chlamydia, spirochetes and fungi 【Class hour】3 hours 微生物学与免疫学教研室