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Egypt Connor Stirling Keith Durkin Grabber Queen of Egypt, Cleopatra VII, was married to the great emperor of the Roman Empire, Julius Caesar, but had an affair with one of his close friends and commander in his army, Mark Antony. Caesar later captured them both and they committed suicide together. Mark Antony Julius Caesar Cleopatra VII Thesis The location of Egypt, being between the Middle East and Africa, made it a land that was passed through by many various empires, and therefore was under the control of many different rulers. The Nile and later, the Suez Canal, made it a sought after area and contributed to its remarkably diverse history, while still allowing the current population to retain a proud Egyptian identity. Overview Keith- Thesis Connor- Grabber/Finisher Connor- Ancient Egypt Keith- Greeks Rule Connor- Roman Rule Connor- Islamic Kingdom Connor- Ottoman Keith- British Rule Keith- Modern Egypt Keith- Conclusion Location Ancient Egypt Religion- practiced polytheism Polytheism- Belief in multiple Gods Fearful of Gods- offering ceremonies Strict religious beliefs- a need to please Gods A gift to the Gods Trading with other tribes Ancient Egypt Trade: Exported- grain, linen, papyrus, and glass. Imported: gold, incense, timber, wild animals, ivory, tin, olive oil and copper. Traded with neighboring tribes, Greece, around the mediterranean Ancient Egypt The Nile: Rich and fertile soil allowed for use of irrigation and agriculture. Dependent upon the Nile’s cycle: Flooding (akhet), June- September, soil becomes rich with silt Planting (peret), October-February, irrigated with canals Harvesting (shemu), March- May, gather crops. Hellenistic Greeks Rule Alexander the Great Conquered Egypt 332 BC Roman Empire Rule Julius Ceaser 117 AD at its peak Around 50 AD Roman Rule Islamic Kingdoms Also known as “Medieval Egypt” Invasion in 639 AD Islamic Kingdom borders Islamic Kingdoms Religions in Egypt Christianity from the Roman rule Spread of Islam and Muslim with Islamic Kingdoms and Ottoman Spread of Islam Ottoman Empire 1299- 1923 Conquered Egypt in 1517 Ottoman Empire Ottoman Empire High success in there society due to “millets” Millets-major religious group that were allowed to establish their own communities under Ottoman rule Millets in Ottoman Empire Ottoman Empire Major slave trade and use of slaves But because of the millets and groups ability for personal law it gave them great success. Slave trade in northern Africa British Takeover 1860s- 1954 The British had been ruling Egypt indirectly for years, and decided that they were done with semi-controlling the country. The main reason that the British wanted Egypt was because of the Suez Canal. The use of the Suez Canal A close-up of the Suez Canal British Takeover Suez Canal- connects the Mediterranean to the Red Sea. Was built in a partnership between Egypt and France, construction began April, 1859, ended November, 1869. 1875, Egypt sold its share of the canal to Britain. This gave the British a greater determination to control the canal. British Takeover The British took the Suez canal after landing on both sides in August, 1882. Shortly after, in September, the British officially took control of Egypt after defeating their army in the Battle of Tel El Kebir. A scene of the battle of Tel El Kebir British Takeover Almost all of Egyptian exports went to Britain. 1914- 90% of Egypt's exports were cotton. Egyptian Cotton Plant Independence from Britain The United Kingdom of Great Britain issued the Declaration of Egyptian Independence on February 28, 1922. Although, British military presence in Egypt did not cease until 1954. The Egyptian Flag Modern Egypt 1954- Present day Following the 1952 Revolution that overthrew King Farouk, on June 18, 1953 Egypt was declared a Republic. Republic- A type of government in which the leader is not a monarch. General Muhammad Naguib was elected first President, but was later forced to resign when Gamal Abdel Nasser, the true leader of the revolution was selected to replace him. Gamal Abdel Nasser Modern Egypt Anwar El Sadat, acted as president from September, 1970, until he was assassinated, in October of 1981. Sufi Abu Taleb, served as president for eight days, until Hosni Mubarak was appointed president on October 14, 1981. Anwar El Sadat Sufi Abu Taleb Protesters demand Mubarak’s Resignation Modern Egypt Hosni Mubarak came to power on October 14, 1981 and has recently been facing millions of protester in the 2011 Revolution In the Revolution, millions of protesters gathered and demanded the resignation of Mubarak, the President refused. This showed protesters that he would basically resign when he was good and ready. Hosni Mubarak Modern Egypt Hosni Mubarak officially resigned on February 11, 2011. The former President was tried for the premeditated deaths of protesters in the 2011 Revolution. The trial began in December 2011, and ended in January of 2012. Mubarak’s defense was that he never resigned as president, and therefore had immunity. Mubarak was given surgery for what thought to be esophageal cancer, but his heart may have stopped during the procedure. Mubarak is taken to his trial on a stretcher Modern Egypt Following Mubarak’s resignation, control of the country was given to the Military. This makes Mohamed Hussein Tantawi the current leader of Egypt. Mohamed Hussein Tantawi Conclusion Throughout its time, Egypt has been occupied by many different rulers, including the Islamic Kingdoms, the Ottoman Empire, the British, and even their own President. After years of struggling for independence from the British, they received their goal in 1922, recently overthrew their former leader Hosni Mubarak, and are awaiting what will come next. Quiz Who were the two men that Cleopatra VII had affairs with? Quiz: Answer Mark Antony and Julius Caesar Quiz What are the three seasons for the cycle of the Nile? Quiz: Answer Flooding Planting Harvesting Quiz What great kingdom conquered Egypt with Alexander the Great? Quiz: Answer Hellenistic Kingdom Quiz What was the canal that connects the Mediterranean to the Red Sea? Quiz: Answer Suez Canal Quiz Who was the President of Egypt that resigned in February of 2011? Quiz: Answer Hosni Mubarak Finisher http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KdtgX9ORiW4 Bibliography http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Empire http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_medieval_Egypt http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt#Republic http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Tel_el-Kebir http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1952_Egyptian_revolution