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Frog Dissection Notes Class Amphibia (781-798 in textbook): I. Examples: salamanders, frogs, newts II. Habitat: aquatic when young, land & water as adults III. Symmetry: bilateral IV. Metamorphosis: 1. Larva: (commonly called tadpoles): a. Breathe with gills b. Fins for swimming c. Fish-like circulatory system 2. Adults: a. Breathe with lungs b. Lose tail and develop legs c. More advanced circulatory system V. Protection from predators 1. Skin covered in mucus – keeps moisture in; slippery to predators 2. Skin loosely attached – predators can’t grip them 3. Camouflage 4. Some are poisonous – bright colors warn predators VI. Life Processes: A. Support and Movement: 1. Backbone and skeleton - cartilage 2. No ribs to protect internal organs 3. Large hind legs specialized for jumping B. Feeding and Digestion: 1. Diet: carnivores 2. Process: Capturing food – tongue attaches at front of mouth; 2 sets of teeth to hold onto prey Swallowing food – closes eyes & push them down against roof of mouth Drinking water – they don’t – they absorb water through skin 3. Digestion: a. esophagus – moves food to stomach b. stomach – stores food; digests protein c. small intestine – digests most food, absorbs nutrients d. large intestine - absorbs water, packages waste e. liver – makes bile to digest fat f. gall bladder – stores bile g. pancreas – make enzymes to digest fats, protein & sugars 4. Path of food – mouth esophagus stomach small intestine large intestinecloacaanus C. Response: 1. Brain – well-developed 2. Nerves – well-developed 3. Eyes –on top of head – Why? sightline near surface, predators 4. Ears - located behind eyes What are they called? Typanic membrane 5. Nose – on top of head – breathe & swim 6. Tongue – attaches at front of mouth D. Excretion: 1. kidneys – filter waste and produce urine for excretion 2. bladder – stores urine 3. cloaca – list all the things that can leave the frog body through the cloaca: sperm, eggs, urine, solid waste E. Internal transport: 1. Cold blooded - cannot control their internal body temperature 2. Heart – 3-chambered 3. Closed circulatory system - blood vessels 4. Spleen: makes red blood cells F. Respiration: gills when larva; lungs & skin as adults; breathe through nares on top of head G. Reproduction: 1. Separate males and females 2. Male attracts female by: making sounds with vocal sacs under chin 3. Females lay eggs that are fertilized externally by the male.