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LESSON 7.6 Rename Fractions and Mixed Numbers FOCUS COHERENCE RIGOR LESSON AT A GLANCE F C R Focus: Common Core State Standards 4.NF.B.3b Understand a fraction a/b with a > 1 as a sum of fractions 1/b. Decompose a fraction into a sum of fractions with the same denominator in more than one way, recording each decomposition by an equation. Justify decompositions, e.g., by using a visual fraction model. Also 4.MD.A.2 MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES MP1 Make sense of problems and persevere in solving them. MP4 Model with mathematics. F C R Coherence: Standards Across the Grades Before Grade 4 After 3.NF.A.1 4.NF.B.3b 5.NF.A.1 5.NF.A.2 F C R Rigor: Level 1: Understand Concepts....................Share and Show ( Checked Items) Level 2: Procedural Skills and Fluency.......On Your Own Level 3: Applications..................................Think Smarter and Go Deeper Learning Objective Write fractions greater than 1 as mixed numbers and write mixed numbers as fractions greater than 1. Language Objective Students demonstrate and tell in their own words how to rename mixed numbers as fractions greater than 1 and rename fractions greater than 1 as mixed numbers. Materials MathBoard F C R For more about how GO Math! fosters Coherence within the Content Standards and Mathematical Progressions for this chapter, see page 383J. About the Math Professional Development Why Teach This In real-world situations, it is easier to understand mixed numbers than fractions greater than 1. For example, if a student served 2 whole pizzas and 1_3 of another pizza at a party, you would say the student served 2 1_3 pizzas, not 7 _ pizzas. That’s because 2 1_ is easier to understand than 7_ . 3 3 3 Both topics covered in this lesson are prerequisite skills for fraction computation. Students will rename fractions greater than 1 when they add fractions and mixed numbers. They will rename mixed numbers as fractions greater than 1 when they subtract mixed numbers with renaming. Fractions greater than 1 that were once called improper fractions are grouped with all other fractions, including fractions that are equal to one. Professional Development Videos 417A Chapter 7 Interactive Student Edition Personal Math Trainer Math on the Spot Animated Math Models iTools: Fractions HMH Mega Math 1 ENGAGE Daily Routines Common Core Problem of the Day 7.6 Write a number that rounds to 57,800. Possible answer: 57,849 Essential Question How can you rename mixed numbers as fractions greater than 1 and rename fractions greater than 1 as mixed numbers? Making Connections Vocabulary mixed number Interactive Student Edition Multimedia eGlossary Fluency Builder with the Interactive Student Edition Common Core Fluency Standard 4.OA.A.3 Mental Math When students rename a mixed number as a fraction greater than 1, they will learn to multiply first and then add. Have students use mental math to solve problems that require multiplication and addition. Invite students to tell you what they know about fractions. What are the top and bottom numbers of a fraction called? numerator and denominator What are equivalent fractions? fractions that name the same amount How can fraction strips and number lines help you model fractions? Possible answer: I can use the models to count the number of parts in the fraction. Learning Activity Connect the story to the problem. Direct students’ attention to the mixed number 1 2_3 . • What does the number 1 2_3 represent in the problem? the number of buckets of sand scooped up so far • What part of the mixed number 1 2_3 is the whole number? 1 • What part of the mixed number 1 2_3 is the fraction? 2_3 Literacy and Mathematics 1. (4 × 3) + 5 17 2. (3 × 9) + 2 29 3. (2 × 7) + 1 15 4. (1 × 6) + 7 13 Choose one or more of the following activities. 5. (6 × 4) + 3 27 6. (8 × 1) + 6 14 7. (5 × 8) + 9 49 8. (2 × 5) + 8 18 • Invite students to use mathematical language to write what the story is about. • Have students draw two equal-sized circles or rectangles to represent the two buckets of sand in the problem. Have them shade the circles or rectangles to show 1 2_3 . How can you rename mixed numbers as fractions greater than 1 and rename fractions greater than 1 as mixed numbers? Lesson 7.6 417B LESSON 7.6 4.NF.B.3b Understand a fraction a/b with a > 1 as a sum of fractions 1/b. Decompose a fraction into a sum of fractions with the same denominator in more than one way, recording each decomposition by an equation. Justify decompositions, e.g., by using a visual fraction model. 2 EXPLORE Lesson 7.6 Name Unlock the Problem Rename Fractions and Mixed Numbers Have students read the problem. • What information do you need to find? if Unlock Unlock the the Problem Problem Mr. Fox has 26_3 loaves of corn bread. Each loaf was cut into 6_1-size pieces. If he has 14 people over for dinner, is there enough bread for each person to have 1 piece? Mr. Fox has at least 14 pieces of bread Example MP4 Model with mathematics. • In Step 1, what does one 1 strip represent? • In Step 2, what fraction represents one whole loaf of bread? 6__6 • In Step 3, how did you find 6_6 + 6_6 + 3_6 ? 6 • How much bread does Mr. Fox need for 14 people? __ at least 14 sixth-size pieces, or 14 6 Example Write a mixed number as a fraction. MODEL AND RECORD THINK STEP 1 Model 2 3_6 . • How did you know that Mr. Fox has enough bread? Because he has 15 sixth-size pieces DEEPER MP7 Look for and make use of structure. • In order to find the numerator when writing the mixed number 2 3_6 as a fraction, you could take the following steps: 6 × 2 + 3 = 15. Relate this to division. 6 6 STEP 3 Find the total number of 1_6 -size pieces in 2 3_6 . __ + 6 __ + 3 __. Think: Find 6 6 Have students make cards showing a mixed number on one card and the equivalent fraction greater than 1 on another card. • Have students sort the cards into two piles: fractions greater than 1 and mixed numbers. 6 Possible answer: you can write 1 1_4 as 1 + 1_4 or 4_4 + 1_4 . The sum is 5_4 . Math Talk 15 sixth-size pieces in 26_3. There are _ So, there is enough bread for 14 people to each have 1 piece. MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES 7 Look for Structure Give an example of how to write a mixed number as a fraction without using a model. Chapter 7 417 3 Reteach 7.6 Differentiated Instruction Enrich 7.6 2 1 Lesson 7.6 Reteach Name Illustrate Understanding 6 15 __ = ____ 23 6 6 Possible answer: if I divide 15 by 6, the quotient would be 2 with a remainder of 3. 2 3_6 represents the quotient with the remainder written in fractional form. Strategy: 3 6 3 6 6 __ = ____ + ____ + ____ 23 6 6 6 6 © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company _5 4 6 6 STEP 2 Find how many 1_6 -size pieces are in each whole. Model 2 3_6 using only 1_6 -size pieces. Use Math Talk to focus students’ understanding on how to write a mixed number as a fraction. rewritten 4_4 + _14 3 6 3 __ = _ 1 +_ 1 + ____ 23 6 6 Math Talk • How can you write 1 1_4 as an addition expression with fractions? 1 + 1_4 , which can be 1 1 and he only needs 14, so he has enough. • Then have students match each mixed number with its equivalent fraction and draw a picture to show that the fractions are equivalent. relative to the whole? _1 of the whole To find how many 6_1-size pieces are in 26_3, write 26_3 as a fraction. Possible answer: I added the numerators and kept the denominator the same. ELL • What is the size of 1 piece of bread A mixed number is a number represented by a whole number and a fraction. You can write a mixed number as a fraction. one whole loaf of bread • What is the sum expressed as a fraction? Numbers and Operations— Fractions—4.NF.B.3b Also 4.MD.A.2 MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES MP1, MP4 Essential Question How can you rename mixed numbers as fractions greater than 1 and rename fractions greater than 1 as mixed numbers? MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES Lesson 7.6 Enrich Name Rename Fractions and Mixed Numbers The Rename Game Find the missing number. A mixed number is made up of a whole number and a fraction. You can use multiplication and addition to rename a mixed number as a fraction greater than 1. Rename 2 _65 as a fraction. First, multiply the denominator, or the number of parts in the whole, by the whole number. 2 6 3 2 5 12 1. 256 51 ___ 5 ____ 5 5 total number 17 of parts 5 = 6 number of 6 parts in the whole 3. 4. 5. 17. 5 __ 1 __ 5 506 ____ 4 8 105 12 1 5 5 17 So, 218 72 ___ 5 ____ 3 3 2 422 1 5 ____ __ 2 4 Then, add the numerator to your product. 2 _56 2. 1 6 63 5 5 ___ 102 ___ 12 12 6. __ 5 224 ____ 371 3 1,229 6 You can use division to write a fraction greater than 1 as a mixed number. 7. 16 Rename __ 3 as a mixed number. __ as a mixed number, divide the numerator by To rename 16 3 the denominator. Use the quotient and remainder to write a mixed number. 5 3q 16 ⫺ 15 1 Possible answer: I can use division to rename fractions greater than 1 as mixed numbers. I can use multiplication and addition to rename mixed numbers as fractions greater than 1. 16 5 51 _. So, __ 3 3 Write the mixed number as a fraction. 1. 25 3 __ 3 11 __ 3 2. 35 4__ 5 23 __ 5 3. 35 4__ 8 35 __ 8 4. 15 2__ 6 13 __ 6 8. Write the fraction as a mixed number. ___ 5. 32 5 5 _ 62 5 ___ 6. 19 3 5 _ 61 3 ___ 7. 15 4 5 _ 33 4 ___ 8. 51 10 5 Tell how you rename fractions greater than 1 as mixed numbers and mixed numbers as fractions greater than 1. 1 5 __ 10 Stretch Your Thinking Is it possible for two fractions greater than 1 that have different numerators and denominators to be renamed as the same mixed number? Give an example. 112 can both ___ and ___ Yes. Possible answer: 224 6 3 be renamed as 37 1_3 . 417 Chapter 7 Chapter Resources © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 7-15 Reteach Chapter Resources © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 7-16 Enrich Example In this example, students use a number line and fraction strips to write a fraction greater than 1 as a mixed number. • How is this problem similar to the first problem? I have to rename a quantity in order to Example Write a fraction greater than 1 as a mixed number. To weave a bracelet, Charlene needs 7 pieces of brown thread. Each piece of thread must be 3_1 yard long. How much thread should she buy to weave the bracelet? solve both problems. • How are the problems different? In the first Write 3_7 as a mixed number. THINK MODEL AND RECORD STEP 1 Model 7_3 . 0 3 1 3 3 3 2 3 4 3 5 3 7 3 6 3 • 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7 = ____ __ + ____ + ____ + ____ + ____+ ____ + ____ 3 3 STEP 2 Find how many wholes are in many thirds are left over. _7 , 3 and how 3 0 3 1 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 STEP 3 Write _73 as a mixed number. 3 3 1 3 so write 8_5 as 5_5 + 3_5 . Replace 5_5 with 1. 5_5 + 3_5 = 1 + _35 = 1 3_5 . 1 1 + ____ 1 +_ _ 3 1 7 = 2 ____ __ 3 3 EXPLAIN 3 MATH BOARD Write the unknown numbers. Write mixed numbers above the number line and fractions greater than one below the number line. 1. 1 1 61 12 6 1 63 14 6 1 65 2 2 61 22 6 2 63 24 6 2 65 3 6 6 7 6 8 6 9 6 10 6 11 6 12 6 13 6 14 6 15 6 16 6 17 6 18 6 © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company _ 21 3 yards of thread. So, Charlene should buy _ Share Share and and Show Sh 3 needs 7 pieces of thread that are 1_3 yard long, so she needs 7_3 yards of thread altogether. • What fraction represents 1 yard in Step 2? 3_3 MP2 Reason abstractly and quantitatively. • How could you write 8_5 as a mixed number without using a model? Possible answer: 5_5 = 1, 7 3 6 3 5 3 3 3 51 3 3 51 7= __ 3 4 3 3 problem, I had to rename a mixed number as a fraction greater than 1. In this problem, I am renaming a fraction greater than 1 as a mixed number. Why do you model _7 in Step 1? Charlene Share and Show MATH M A TH ATH TH BOARD B The first problem connects to the learning model. Have students use the MathBoard to explain their thinking. COMMON ERRORS 418 Error Students may miscount when writing a Advanced Learners Visual / Kinesthetic Individual Materials inch ruler 1 • Some rulers show smaller units of 1_4 , 1_8 , or __ 16 . Have students determine the units on their ruler by counting how many spaces are between the whole numbers. • Students can use a ruler to rename fractions and mixed numbers. • Find 3 7_8 inches. Starting from 3, count seven 1 _ -inch marks to the right of 3. 8 • To convert 3 7_8 to a fraction greater than 1, count the number of 1_8 -inch marks to the right of 0. __ to a mixed number • How would you convert 21 4 using a ruler? See right. fraction greater than 1 as a mixed number. _ = _1 + _1 + _1 + _1 + _1 + _1 + _1 Example 8 5 5 5 = _55 + 2_5 = 1 2_5 5 5 5 5 5 Springboard to Learning Have students check their answers by rewriting the mixed number as a fraction greater than 1. They should get the original fraction. Advanced Learners Possible answer: count twenty-one 1_4 -inch marks to the right of 0. Then identify the whole number to the left of that point (5). Then count the number of 1_4 -inch marks that are to the right of 5, and write that as a fraction. This will give me the whole number and the fraction part: 5 1_4 . Lesson 7.6 418 DO NOT EDIT--Changes must be made through “File info” CorrectionKey=A Name Use the checked exercises for QuickCheck. Students should show their answers for Quick Check on the MathBoard. Write the mixed number as a fraction. 9 _ 8 Math Talk Use Math Talk to focus on students’ understanding of why it is easier to compare numbers written in the same form. • In what two ways could you rename 1 _35 and _75 so that both numbers are in the same form? Rename 1 _35 as a fraction; rename _75 as a mixed _ 23 On On Your Your Own Own Then 1 Differentiate Instruction with • Reteach 7.6 • Personal Math Trainer 4.NF.B.3b • RtI Tier 1 Activity (online) 9. 3_2 3 27 __ 10 MATHEMATICAL PRACTICE 8 If students complete the checked exercises correctly, they may continue with the remaining exercises. • How could you check your answers to Exercises 8–10? Rename each fraction as a mixed number. I should get the original mixed number. MP8 Look for and express regularity in repeated reasoning. Exercises 11 –13 involve higher order thinking skills because students need to find the unknown number to make the equation true. Math Talk MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES 6 Describe how you can compare 1 3_5 and 7_5 . 11 __ 3 12. 22 __ 5 DEEPER Pen has 1_2 -cup and 1_8 -cup measuring cups. What are two ways he could measure out 1 3_4 cups of flour? Possible answers: three 1_2 -cups and two _18 -cups; fourteen _18 -cups ■ 57 = __ 13. __ 11 ■ 11 __ ■ 5_6 = 23 6 6 14. 10. 4_2 5 Use Repeated Reasoning Algebra Find the unknown numbers. 13 = 1■ __ 11. __ 7 7 On Your Own 419 Chapter 7 7 8. 2__ 10 Rt I Rt I a student misses the checked exercises 10 Write the mixed number as a fraction. © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company If 2 3 1__ 5 Possible description: I can rename the mixed number as a fraction or rename the fraction as a mixed number. Then I can compare them as two fractions or two mixed numbers. © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company If 31 13 7. __ 10 _ 11 4 1 _35 ∙ _58 ; to compare _85 and _75 , compare the numerators because the denominators are the same. • If you rename 7_5 as a mixed number, how can you compare the numbers? Possible answer: _75 ∙ 1 _25 ; to compare 1 5_3 and 1 _25 , compare the numerators of the fractions because the whole numbers and the denominators of the fractions are the same. 2 5 _ 3 8 _ 5 6. _6 5 11 5. __ 4 • If you rename 1 _35 as a fraction, how could you compare the numbers? Possible answer: 3 4. 1_2 3 Write the fraction as a mixed number. number. Quick Check Quick Check 3. 1_3 5 2. 1_1 8 3 15. 5; 2 DEEPER Juanita is making bread. She needs 3 1_2 cups of flour. Juanita only has a 1_ -cup measuring cup. How many 1_ cups of 4 4 flour will Juanita use to prepare the bread? fourteen _14 cups of flour Chapter 7 • Lesson 6 4_MNLESE342255_C07L06.indd 419 419 28/02/14 7:14 PM DO NOT EDIT--Changes must be made through “File info” CorrectionKey=A MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES ANALYZE • LOOK FOR STRUCTURE • PRECISION Problem Problem Solving Solving •• Applications Applications 4 ELABORATE Use the recipe to solve 16–18. 16. 2 Reason Quantitatively Cal is making energy squares. How many 2_1 cups of peanut butter are used in the recipe? MATHEMATICAL PRACTICE Problem Solving • Applications three 1_2 cups 17. MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES SMARTER Suppose Cal wants to make 2 times as many energy squares as the recipe makes. How many cups of bran cereal should he use? Write your answer as a mixed number and as a fraction greater than 1 in simplest form. WRITE MP2 Reason abstractly and quantitatively. To find how many _12 cups of peanut butter are in 1 _12 cups, students need to rename 1 2_1 as a fraction. The numerator tells the number of _12 cups. Math • Show Your Work _ cups; 13 __ cups 61 2 2 18. Cal added 28_3 cups of raisins. Write this mixed SMARTER number as a fraction greater than 1 in simplest form. Exercise 17 requires students to double a mixed number. Students can double the whole number, double the fraction, and simplify the fraction. 19 __ 8 19. DEEPER Jenn is preparing brown rice. She needs 12_1 cups of brown rice and 2 cups of water. Jenn has only a 8_1-cup measuring cup. How many 8_1 cups each of rice and water will Jenn use to prepare the rice? Math on the Spot Video Tutor twelve 1_8 -cups rice; sixteen 1_8 -cups water Use this video to help students model and solve this type of Think Smarter problem. Draw a line to show the mixed number and fraction that have the same value. SMARTER 12_ 23_ 41_ 12_ • • • • • • • 5 • 30 __ 3 8 13 __ 3 3 4 _ 3 3 © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 20. 8 _ 5 420 4_MNLESE342255_C07L06.indd 420 Math on the Spot videos are in the Interactive Student Edition and at www.thinkcentral.com. SMARTER In Exercise 20, students must find the pair of fractions that have an equivalent value. If students choose a fraction and mixed number that have different numbers in the denominators, they may not understand the basic underlying concept of fractions. 28/02/14 7:18 PM DIFFERENTIATED INSTRUCTION INDEPENDENT ACTIVITIES 5 EVALUATE Formative Assessment Essential Question Using the Language Objective Differentiated Centers Kit Activities Fantastic Fractions Activities Pencil Me In Games Fraction Action Games Students complete orange Activity Card 8 by drawing pictures of fractions greater than 1. Students complete blue Activity Card 8 by using models to read, write, compare, and order mixed numbers. Students practice matching fractions with pictorial models. Reflect Have students demonstrate and explain in their own words how to answer the Essential Question. How can you rename mixed numbers as fractions greater than 1 and rename fractions greater than 1 as mixed numbers? Mixed Numbers: I can model the mixed number using fraction strips, and count how many parts I have. Fractions: I can model the fraction using a number line, and count the number of whole units and parts left over. Math Journal WRITE Math Draw and explain how you can use a number line to rename a fraction greater than 1 as a mixed number. Lesson 7.6 420 Practice and Homework Lesson 7.6 Name Rename Fractions and Mixed Numbers COMMON CORE STANDARD—4.NF.B.3b Build fractions from unit fractions by applying and extending previous understandings of operations on whole numbers. Write the mixed number as a fraction. Practice and Homework 1. 2_3_ 2. 4_1_ 5 5+_ 5+_ 3. Think: Find _ 5 5 5 13 ___ 5 __ Use the Practice and Homework pages to provide students with more practice of the concepts and skills presented in this lesson. Students master their understanding as they complete practice items and then challenge their critical thinking skills with Problem Solving. Use the Write Math section to determine student’s understanding of content for this lesson. Encourage students to use their Math Journals to record their answers. 3. 1_2_ 3 5. 4_1_ 5 7 _ 5 __ 13 __ 3 __ 7 6. 1___ 8 7. 5_1_ 10 33 __ 8 __ 17 __ 10 __ Write the fraction as a mixed number. 31 20 9. ___ 10. ___ 6 10 _ 51 6 __ 2 11 __ 2 __ 15 11. ___ 8 1 7_8 __ 2 __ 4. 3_2_ 3 11 __ 3 __ 8. 2_3_ 8 19 __ 8 __ 13 12. ___ 6 _ 21 6 __ Problem Problem Solving Solving 13. A recipe calls for 2 2_4 cups of raisins, but Julie © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company _1 4 15. 14. If Julie needs 3 1_4 cups of oatmeal, how many only has a cup measuring cup. How many 1 _ cups does Julie need to measure out 4 2 2_4 cups of raisins? _1 4 _ cups ten 1 4 ________ _ cups thirteen 1 4 ________ cups of oatmeal will she use? Math Draw and explain how you can use a number WRITE line to rename a fraction greater than 1 as a mixed number. Check students’ drawings. Chapter 7 PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT 421 Mathematical Practices in Your Classroom CCSS.Math.Practice.MP5 Use appropriate tools strategically. Using tools such as fraction strips can help students build their understanding of how mixed numbers and fractions greater than 1 are related. Fraction strips provide students with a concrete way to visualize equivalent numbers using the same model. Similarly, using fraction strips with number lines shows number equivalence. The models also provide students with a deeper understanding of the meaning of the numerator and the denominator of fractions. Discuss the models students used in this lesson in order to write mixed numbers as fractions greater than 1 and vice versa. • How does using fraction strips help you write a mixed number as a fraction greater than 1? I can use fraction strips to model the wholes and parts in a mixed number. I can use the appropriate sized strips to model the wholes. Then I count all of the parts I have to determine the numerator of the fraction. • How does using fraction strips help you to write a fraction greater than 1 as a mixed number? I can use fraction strips to model the fraction greater than 1. First I can determine how many wholes I have. Then the number of left over parts makes up the fraction of the mixed number. 421 Chapter 7 TEST PREP Lesson Check (4.NF.B.3c) __ . 1. Write a mixed number that is equivalent to 16 3 2. Stacey filled her 1_2 cup measuring cup seven times to have enough flour for a cake recipe. How much flour does the cake recipe call for? 1 Possible answer: 5_ 3 Continue concepts and skills practice with Lesson Check. Use Spiral Review to engage students in previously taught concepts and to promote content retention. Common Core standards are correlated to each section. 1 cups 3_ 2 Spiral Review (4.NBT.B.5, 4.NBT.B.6, 4.NF.A.1, 4.NF.B.3d) collection book. She put 14 stamps on each page. If she completely filled 16 pages, how many stamps did she put in the book? 224 stamps 5. During a bike challenge, riders have to collect various colored ribbons. Each 1_2 mile they collect a red ribbon, each 1_8 mile they collect a green ribbon, and each 1_4 mile they collect a blue ribbon. Which colors of ribbons will be collected at the 3_4 mile marker? green and blue 4. Brian is driving 324 miles to visit some friends. He wants to get there in 6 hours. How many miles does he need to drive each hour? 54 miles 6. Stephanie had 7_8 pound of bird seed. She used 3_8 pound to fill a bird feeder. How much bird seed does Stephanie have left? © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 3. Becki put some stamps into her stamp 4 pound _ 8 FOR MORE PRACTICE GO TO THE 422 Personal Math Trainer Lesson 7.6 422