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Name/#: ____________________________________________ Date: February 21, 2013
The Cold War
Vocabulary
 Aggression – ______________ against a person or country.
 Cease-Fire – agreement to _________ ___________________.
 Communism – system where the government ________ the factories and natural
resources and controls the production of goods; people are ________ __________.
 __________ – North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Cold War
 At the end of World War II, the Allied armies ___________ all the nations (countries)
in Western Europe that had been conquered by ______________________. They
agreed to help the countries ______________ from the war. The Allies helped them
form new governments and gave them ___________ to _______________ their cities.
Then the Allies _________ Europe.
 Things were different in ___________________ Europe. Soviet (Russian)
___________ moved into Eastern Europe and ___________ left. They stayed in
countries like Poland, Romania, Hungary, and the eastern half of Germany. They set-up
their political system known as ______________________.
 There was ________________ between America and the Soviet Union. The two
countries had different _______________ and _____________________ systems.
These feelings grew into a state of _____________ called the “__________ _______”
because it __________ involved fighting. The Cold War divided the world into two
groups – those who supported a _________ _________________ (democracy) and
those who _______________________ communism.
Iron Curtain
 People living in countries controlled by the Soviet Union could not ___________.
____________ ____________ watched over the _______________. In a 1946
speech, British Prime Minister Winston ______________________ warned that an
____________ _________________ had fallen across the continent of Europe. He
meant that there was now a ________________ line between eastern and western
Europe. The Iron Curtain cut people off from the rest of the world.
Battle to Stop Communism
 The United States wanted to ___________ the spread of Communism. One of their
first challenges was in Germany. When Germany was divided after WWII, the city of
______________ was divided too. The ___________ ______________controlled the
eastern half of the city and the _____________ controlled the western half. The
Allied-controlled part of Germany became an ___________________ nation in ______.
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The Soviet Union did not like that. They wanted to _____________ of all Germany and
the Allies out of West Berlin. In 1948, they decided to __________ all supplies from
getting into West Berlin by _______________, __________, or ________________.
That meant __________________ like food, or _______ for heat in the cold winter
were blocked. The Soviet Union thought that would drive the Allies out of the city.
The Soviet plan did not work. U.S. and Allied ________________________ delivered
supplies to West Berlin every day for ________ days! This operation was known as the
_________________ __________________. Planes landed all day and all night. The
U.S. was determined to stop communism. In June 1949 the Soviet Union gave up and
lifted the ___________________.
Korean War
 After World War II, ___________ was divided. _____________________ controlled
North Korea, and the United States backed South Korea. In 1950, North Korea
__________________ South Korea.
 The United States was willing to go to war to keep Communism from _______________
to this area. President _______________ sent U.S. troops over and asked the United
Nations to help him. It was a hard fight, but North Korea was finally driven out of South
Korea. United Nations troops tried to go farther north to the _____________ border,
but the Communist country of ___________ attacked them and killed many soldiers.
 In 1953, the Korean War ended in a _______________________ (a tie with no winner).
The border between the two countries was almost the same as the original border before
the war. The good news was, ______________________ was kept out of South Korea.
NATO
 The United States and European countries decided to form an ____________________
for protection against Communist aggression. In 1949, 12 nations formed the North
Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). The ___________ stated that they would help
each other in the event of a military ______________. The U.S. hoped that the strong
union of ________ nations would help stop the spread of Communism.
 These were the original countries of NATO:
o Belgium
o Iceland
o Norway
o Canada
o Italy
o Portugal
o Denmark
o Luxembourg
o United States
o France
o The
o Great Britain
Netherlands
 Since 1949, these countries have joined;
o Albania
o Greece
o Slovakia
o Bulgaria
o Hungary
o Slovenia
o Croatia
o Latvia
o Spain
o Czech Republic
o Lithuania
o Turkey
o Estonia
o Poland
o Germany
o Romania
Communists Among Us
 ___________________ began to fear that Communist __________ might be in the
United States. The House of Representatives even created a committee to
________________ people accused of Communist activity. In the late 1940s, many
people in the _______________________ industry were accused of being Communists.
They were put on a “_________________,” which meant that movie producers would not
hire them.
 Joseph McCarthy
o In 1950 Senator Joseph _________________ of Wisconsin accused U.S. State
Department officials of being Communists. This was a ______________ charge
because the State Department handles U.S. ____________ with other countries!
McCarthy’s accusations could not be _____________. He convinced many
Americans that he was protecting the ________________ of the country, and
became a powerful man. People were afraid to speak out against him.
o People used the term “___________________” to describe how McCarthy made
charges against people without real _________________. His accusations ruined
the _______________________ and lives of many people. In 1954 the
___________ made a formal statement condemning McCarthy and his accusations.
 Nikita Khrushchev
o The Cold War got even colder after a ________________ was made by the
Soviet Union’s political leader. Nikita Khrushchev was premier of the Soviet Union
and head of the Soviet ___________________ Party. In a 1956 speech to
ambassadors from Western countries, he said,
“_______________ is on our side. We will _________ you!”
o The comment ________________ many people in the West! It led to more
suspicion between the Western countries and the Communist countries in Eastern
Europe. It also led to an “_________ _________,” where the U.S. and Soviet
Union built lots of _______________ and ______________ them in case of war.
Each country also tried to have more ____________ weapons than the other one.
Cuban Missile Crisis
 In the early 1960s, the Cold War began to heat up! First in 1961, the East Germans built
a _______ in Berlin to _________________ the two sides of the city. Now, people
from East Berlin could not ______________ to West Berlin at all. Americans and other
people in Western countries hated seeing freedom _______________ in such a way.
 In 1962 the U.S. learned that the Soviet Union had built missile _______________ pads
in _________. That was only _____ miles from Florida! The Cuban Missile Crisis had
begun. President ___________________ ordered the U.S. Navy to ___________ any
Soviet ships carrying missiles from getting to Cuba. He also sent __________ to Florida
in case the U.S. needed to invade Cuba.
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Things were tense! People worried that a _______________ war might start. After
_____ days, the Soviet Union said that they would _____________ the Soviet
_______________ in Cuba if the United States would agree not to invade Cuba. The
U.S. government agreed, and people all over the world breathed a sigh of ___________!
There were some important developments after the Cuban Missile Crisis. A direct
______________________ line, or “hot line” was set up between Washington D.C. and
Moscow (the capital of Soviet Union) to discuss ______________ problems. Both
countries also realized that a nuclear war would have been _________________. They
decided to ___________ the testing of nuclear weapons to protect the ____________
of citizens.
Vietnam War
 In the early 1960s, the United States became involved in the ________________ War.
Vietnam is a country in Southeast __________. It was __________________ into two
nations – North Vietnam and South Vietnam. North Vietnam was controlled by
________________________, and was trying to take over South Vietnam.
 The United States decided to _________ South Vietnam stop the spread of Communism.
This was important because many people thought that if South Vietnam became
communist, all of Southeast Asia would soon come under Communist control too. This was
known as the “_______________ _______________.”
 Americans were divided over whether the United States should send troops to Vietnam.
There were many _____________________ against the war. The conflict ended in a
_____________________________ agreement. U.S. troops ________________
from the country in 1973. Two years later, North Vietnam took over South Vietnam for
good. Today, Vietnam is ______ country under _________________________ rule.