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The Timeline of World War II 1918 The Treaty of Versailles: Germany was blamed for the war and forced to pay reparations which crippled its economy. Italy and Japan were not given what they felt was their fair share of territory. The League of Nations is formed to help countries avoid war. 1922 Benito Mussolini becomes the leader of Italy and turns it into a fascist country. Italy starts rebuilding a large army. 1931 Japan invades and takes over Northern Manchuria (North Eastern China). The U.S. doesn’t recognize their claim and denounces Japan’s actions. Japan leaves the League of Nations. 1933 Adolf Hitler becomes Chancellor of Germany. The Nazi (fascist) political party takes over the country. By 1935 Hitler has absolute control over Germany. 1935 Italy invades Ethiopia. 1936 Hitler and Mussolini help the Fascist Franco take over Spain. During the fighting, they practice battle strategies. 1937 Japan invades the rest of China. 1938 Germany takes over Austria declaring “Anschluss” or the re-unification of all German speaking peoples. No one tries to stop Germany. 1938 The Rape of Nanking occurs in China. The Japanese kill 400,000 Chinese civilians and rape over 40,000 Chinese women in the Chinese city of Nanking. Many of these women commit suicide afterwards. 1938 Germany takes over the eastern half of Czechoslovakia known as the Sudetenland. It is populated mostly by Germans and Hitler simply claims that he is continuing his re-unification process. Again, no one stops him. 1938 Crystal Night (KristallNacht) happens in Germany. All over the country Jewish businesses are destroyed and many Jews are beaten or killed in the streets of German cities. 1939 Italy invades Albania (near Yugoslavia). No one stops them. 1939 Germany signs a treaty with Russia and both countries agree to invade Poland. Germany takes the western half, Russia the eastern. This is too much for the Allies. Britain and France declare war. 1940 Germany invades France and takes the country over in a month. France surrenders in June. 1940 Battle of Britain commences. Germany starts bombing British cities and factories. The bombing stops at the end of 1940 when Germany needs its planes to attack the U.S.S.R. 1940 The Germans, Japanese, and Italians form an alliance called the Axis. They cooperate together to win the war. 1940 Germany invades North Africa to take over the oil supplies of Libya and the Middle East. 1941 Germany invades the U.S.S.R. They do a lot of damage at first, but by 1942 their blitzkrieg tactics are slowed down. 1941 Pearl Harbor in Hawaii is attacked by the Japanese. Until now the U.S. wanted to stay out of the war. After 2,400 people are killed at Pearl Harbor, the U.S. declares war on Japan, Germany and Italy. 1942 Island Hopping begins. The U.S. starts invading Japanese held islands in the Pacific one by one. 1942 The U.S. and England invade North Africa and start beating the Germans back into Italy. 1943 The Germans retreat From North Africa into Italy. The U.S. invades Italy. 1943 The Germans retreat from the U.S.S.R. back into Poland. 1944 D-Day. The U.S. and England invade France. They begin pushing the Germans back into Germany. 1944 The Battle of the Bulge. The Germans attempt one last desperate battle to try and keep the U.S. and England from getting to Germany. 1945 The U.S. has fought its way across the pacific and is almost ready to invade the main island of Japan. 1945 The U.S. and the U.S.S.R. make it to Germany. Berlin falls, Germany surrenders. 1945 The U.S. drops two nuclear bombs on Japan. Japan surrenders. What do you think are the three most important events that occurred during World War II? Why are these events the most important? Summarize the overall pattern of events that occurred during World War II. Which events changed the course of the war (these might not be the same events as the answers to the previous question).