Download Document

Lipids – Organic/Macromolecule #2
Name:______________________________________Date:___________Per:___________
Lipids are also molecules used by organisms for long-term energy storage, but they also serve many
other functions. All lipids contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, but these molecules have very few oxygen
atoms. Fats a common lipid, is used for long-term energy storage, are made of a glycerol and three fatty acids.
Not only are lipids used for energy storage but they provide protection and insulation to the cell and organism.
Phospholipids, a special lipid, are made of a phosphates attached to two fatty acid chains. This bigger molecule
has a polar and a nonpolar end so it is used to make cell membranes. The polar end is hydrophillic, water
loving, so it faces toward the inside or the outside of the cell. The nonpolar end, the two fatty acid chains, is
hydrophobic, which means it does not mix with water.
A third group of lipids are steroids(hormones), which
are four-ringed molecules. Waxes and oils found in our ears and skin make up the 4th group of lipids.
Matching
_____1. lipids
a. does not mix with water
_____ 2. fats
b. biomolecules made of carbon, hydrogen and
_____ 3. phospholipids
a few oxygens
_____4. steroids
c. lipid used as hormones
_____ 5. hydrophobic
d. lipid used for energy storage, protection, and
insulation
e. lipids used to make cell membranes
True or False
_____ 1. Lipids are used only for long-term energy storage in a cell.
_____ 2. Lipids are used for many different functions.
_____ 3. Lipids contain carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen.
_____ 4. Wax are used to make cell membranes.
_____ 5. Fat are made of a glycerol and three fatty acids.
_____ 6. Phospholipids are used to make cell membranes.
_____ 7. Phospholipids have a polar end and a nonpolar end.
_____ 8. The polar end of the phospholipids is hydrophobic.
_____ 9. The polar end of the phospholipids faces toward the inside or outside of the
cell.
_____ 10. Steroids have atoms arranged in four rings.
_____ 11. Waxes are lipids.
Fill in the Blank
lipids
fats
phospholipids
polar end
hydrophilic
nonpolar end
hydrophobic
steroids
waxes
1. _____________ are a group of biomolecules that include fats, phospholipids, steroids, and waxes.
2. ________________ are molecules made of a glycerol and three fatty acids. These molecules are used for
energy storage, insulation, and protection.
3. _________________ are molecules used to build cell membranes.
4. Phospholipids have a ________________ and a ______________________.
5. The polar end is ____________________, which means it loves water, and this part of the molecule points to
the inside or outside of the cell.
6. The nonpolar end is ____________________, which means it does not mix with water. This part of the
molecule make up the inner layer of the membrane.
7. _________________ are lipids used to waterproof leaves.
8. _________________ are lipids used to make hormones.
Lipid-Short Answer
1. What elements are found in lipids?
2. What are four functions of lipids in living organisms?
3. What is the difference between a hydrophobic part of a molecule and a
hydrophillic part?
4. What is the major functional difference between carbohydrates and
lipids?