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Transcript
THE GRECO-PERSIAN WARS c. 550 BCE: 525-455: 496-406: 499-494: 498: 490: 486: 480: 479: 478: 474: Peloponnesian League formed (Sparta & its allies) Life of Aeschylus (playwright) Life of Sophocles (playwright) Ionian Greeks rebel against Persian king Darius I; Athens assists rebel Greek city states Sardis destroyed Darius I leads Persians in invasion of mainland Greece; Athenians defeat Persians at Battle of Marathon Darius I dies, son Xerxes succeeds him Xerxes leads Persians in invasion of mainland Greece, defeats Spartans & their allies at Battle of Thermopylae; allied Greeks defeat Persians at Battle of Salamis Battle of Plataea drives remaining Persian force from Greece for good Greek poleis form the Delian League (Athens & its allies, with treasury on Delos) Delian League attacks Thrace and eliminates direct Persian influence in Europe THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR 489-323: 470: 460-429: 450-388: 460-446: 458-456: 446: 431: 430: 429: 428: 421: 420: 415-413: 408: 406: 405: 404-403: 403: 399: 387: 384: 367-347: Classical Age of Greece Socrates is born (philosopher) Pericles is most prominent politician in Athens & de facto leader Life of Aristophanes (playwright) Intermittent fighting between Athens & Sparta The “Long Walls” are built connecting Athens w/its port of Piraeus Athens & Sparta sign Thirty Years’ Peace Treaty Peloponnesian War breaks out Plague hits Athens Pericles dies Plato is born (philosopher) Peace of Nicias—treaty between Athens & Sparta Alcibiades elected strategos Ill-fated (& poorly planned) Athenian expedition to Sicily (ultimately defeated) Alcibiades recalled to Athens to answer for Sicily disaster, refuses & defects to Sparta Alcibiades permitted to return to Athens (claims double-agent status) Alcibiades deposed from generalship, possibly exiled Lysander of Sparta defeats Athens at sea & executes 3000 Athenians Athens surrenders to Sparta, Sparta tears down Long Walls & installs puppet rulers (30 Tyrants) who seek revenge Pro-democracy resistance movement comes to power & issues general amnesty Socrates is tried and executed for opposing the war & “corrupting the youth” Plato’s Academy is founded Aristotle is born Aristotle studies at Plato’s Academy