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Human Anatomy and Physiology 1st Term Exam 1. This is the branch of science that deals with the structure of body parts—their forms and how they are organized. A. Psychology B. Anatomy C. Psychiatry D. Physiology 6. This is the branch of science that considers the composition of matter and how that composition changes. A. Anatomy B. Physiology C. Chemistry D. Psychology 2. The study of the things body parts do and how they do it is called ______? A. Psychology B. Anatomy C. Psychiatry D. Physiology 7. Matter is ________. A. Made up of atoms B. Can be a solid, liquid, or gas C. Anything that has mass and takes up space D. All of the above 3. _________ is all the physical and chemical changes that occur in the body. A. Requirements of organisms B. Chemistry C. Metabolism D. Characteristics of life 4. What is homeostasis? A. Two identical chromosomes in a cell’s nucleus B. The maintenance of a stable internal environment. C. The duplication of various organelles of the cell D. Both A and B 5. Your left leg would be part of which portion of your body? A. The axial skeleton B. The axial portion C. The appendicular skeleton D. The appendicular portion 8. Your abdomenopelvic cavity would be in which portion of your body? A. The axial skeleton B. The axial portion C. The appendicular skeleton D. The appendicular portion 9. What 4 elements collectively make up more than 95% of your body weight? A. Carbon, Lead, Lithium, and Sugars B. Proteins, Lipids, Carbohydrates, and Nucleic Acids C. Carbon, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Hydrogen D. Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen, and Helium 10. What term denotes the number of protons you would find in the nucleus of a given atom? A. Atomic Number B. Atomic Weight C. Atomic Energy Quotient D. Atomic Proton Count 11. How would you calculate the approximate atomic weight of an atom? A. Divide the number of protons in nucleus by the number of electrons in electron shell #1. B. Add the number of protons in the nucleus of the atom to the number of neutrons found in the atom. C. Add the number of protons found in an atom to the number of electrons in the atom. D. Subtract the number of protons in the atom from the number of protons in the atom. 12. What does the term “selectively permeable” mean? A. Selectively permeable means that the cell allows some substances to enter but does not allow anything to leave. B. Selectively permeable means that the contents of a cell remain static at all times. C. Selectively permeable refers to the nuclear membrane. D. Selectively permeable describes the cell membrane’s capacity to allow certain molecules/substances to enter or exit the cell. 13. If Carbon has an atomic weight of 12 and its atomic number is 6, how many neutrons would you expect to find in the nucleus? A. 6 B. 12 C. 3 D. Not enough information was provided to answer the question. 14. Which of the following would be an example of diffusion? A. Food coloring spreading out to eventually evenly color the water in a beaker. B. Water moving across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. C. When ions or molecules scatter or spread spontaneously from regions where they are in higher concentrations to areas where they are in lower concentration. D. All of the above 15. What process is taking place when blood pressure forces plasma through capillary walls? This process lets smaller molecules pass but does not allow the escape of larger molecules. A. Filtration B. Diffusion C. Active Transport D. Osmosis 16. Water moving across a selectively permeable membrane is called _____? A. Active Transport B. Osmosis C. Selective Evaporation D. Non-plant related transpiration 17. Osmosis is a type of diffusion. A. True B. False 18. A metabolic reaction that builds larger molecules from smaller ones and requires energy is called ______? A. Active Transport B. Passive Transport C. Anabolism D. Catabolism 24. This form of cellular energy production takes place in the mitochondria and requires oxygen to take place.. A. Aerobic respiration B. Glycolysis C. Anaerobic respiration D. Fermentation 19. Enzymes are almost exclusively carbohydrates. A. True B. False 25. These are groups of cells that have specialized structural and functional roles. A. Atoms B. Cells C. Tissues D. Organ system 20. Glycolysis is catabolic reaction involving glucose that takes place in the cytoplasm of a cell. A. True B. False 21. Which of the following would be an example of a catabolic reaction? A. The cells producing proteins at a ribosome by combining various amino acids. B. The breakdown of a chicken tender in your digestive system. C. The growth of toe knuckle hair D. The combining of simple sugars to form a disaccharide or starch. 22. These molecules promote chemical reactions within cells. They do this by lowering the amount of activation energy required for the reaction to occur. A. Enzyme B. Protein synthesis molecules C. Carbohydrate molecules D. Nucleic acids 23. Glycolysis requires oxygen to occur. A. True B. False 26. What are the four types of tissue found in the human body? A. Charmin, White Cloud, Kleenex, and Bounty B. Skin, Hair, Blood, Bone C. Epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous D. None of the above 27. Would anaerobic respiration be an anabolic reaction or a catabolic reaction? A. Anabolic B. Catabolic 28. A sweat gland secretes sweat, or some other material, onto the surface of your body. Therefore, sweat glands are _______ glands. A. Exocrine glands B. Endocrine glands C. Surface glands D. Epidermal glands 29. The material in between the cells of your bones or other organs is called _____. A. Cytoplasm B. Nuclear membrane C. Matrix D. Organelles 30. Glands in your stomach secrete various gastric juices; these glands would be of what type? A. Exocrine glands B. Endocrine glands C. Surface glands D. Epidermal glands 31. ___________ glands secrete directly into blood or body fluids. A. Exocrine glands B. Endocrine glands C. Surface glands D. Epidermal glands 32. What makes up the Integumentary system? A. Skin B. Bones and cartilage C. Muscles and bones D. The cutaneous membrane and certain accessory organs. 33. Which of the following is NOT a function of the skin? A. Helps regulate body temperature B. Production of necessary digestive enzymes C. Excretes wastes D. Houses sensory receptors 34. What is the role of the melanocytes in your Integumentary system? A. They give your skin its color B. They make your skin more flexible C. They produce the pigment that give skin and hair its color D. They produce various biochemicals that are necessary for cellular respiration. 35. An athlete has been working out vigorously for approximately 30 minutes. She is sweating profusely from her forehead, back, and neck. Which type of sweat glands would likely be active in this case? A. Post Cutaceous sweat glands B. Apocrine sweat glands C. Eccrine sweat glands D. Semi-porous sweat glands 36. Spongy bone has no gaps in its matrix. A. True B. False 37. This type of bone tissue is composed of tightly packed tissue and has a continuous matrix. A. Compact bone B. Spongy bone C. Interdigital bone D. Calcium based bone 38. A young man, who shall be called “T”, was walking down a dark hallway. Another young man, by the name of Hunter, jumped out from a hiding place and screamed, “Boo!” at “T”. “T” was very, very, afraid and upset. He even fell down and scraped his knee causing some physical pain. After “T’s” scare he noticed that he was sweating in his axiillary and groin region. Most likely “T’s” scare resulted in the activation of this type of sweat gland. A. Post cutaneous sweat glands B. Apocrine sweat glands C. Eccrine sweat glands D. Semi-porous sweat glands 39. Intramembranous bones develop between two membrane like layers of connective tissue. This type of bone is found in the skull. A. True B. False 40. An osteocyte is a cell that breaks bone down. A. True B. False 41. This type of bone is found in the long bones of the body. It forms from bone shaped masses of hyaline cartilage. A. Spongy bone B. Compact bone C. Intramembranous bone D. Endrochrondral bone 42. A long bone can continue to grow as long as the_________ _______ is active. This area is composed of a band of cartilage that includes young cells that are undergoing mitosis and producing new cells. A. Primary ossification center B. Secondary ossification center C. Epiphyseal disk D. Bone center 43. This type of bone cell is not breaking down bone or building up bone. A. Osteocyte B. Osteoblast C. Osteoclast D. Osteon 44. This type of bone cell is actively producing matrix and creating more bone. A. Osteocyte B. Osteoblast C. Osteoclast D. Osteon 45. Osteocytes were, at some point, osteoblasts. A. True B. False