Download Chapter 42 Questions

Chapter 42 Questions
Name ______________
1.
Freely movable joints are called S__________________ joints, which are lubricated with a fluid.
2.
The A______________ skeleton of a vertebrate consists of the skull, backbone, and rib cage.
3.
The repeating units of myofibrils are made from contractile subunits called S___________________,
which are connected on each end by a disc of protein, the Z line.
4.
In a stimulated muscle fiber, the calcium ions released by the sarcoplasmic reticulum binds to the protein
T____________________.
5.
I_____________________ contraction is one in which the muscle contracts internally, but with no
shortening of the muscle.
6.
Of the three multicellular kingdoms that evolved from protists, only A______________________ explore
their environment by locomotion.
7.
Skeletal muscles contract to produce movements at J____________________.
8.
Animal locomotion is accomplished through the force of muscles acting on a rigid
S___________________ system.
9.
B___________ consists of cells and extracellular matrix that contains collagen fibers, which provide
flexibility, and hydroxyapatite crystals, which provide strength.
10. Bone cells can remain alive even though the extracellular matrix becomes hardened with crystals
of calcium phosphate. This type of cell is also called
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
an osteocyte
an erythrocyte
a leukocyte
a fibrocyte
a chrondrocyte
11.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Which of the following is not one of the levels of organization in the vertebrate body?
cells
bones
tissues
organs
organ systems
12. Which of the following is not one of the principal kinds of tissues in vertebrates?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
connective
epithelial
cartilage
muscle
nerve
13. Which of the following are the fundamental embryonic tissues called the ‘germ layers’?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
endoderm
mesoderm
ectoderm
a, b, and c
a and c
14. Epithelial tissues perform all of the following functions except they
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
produce glands that secrete materials
protect from dehydration or mechanical damage
provide a selectively permeable barrier
provide a structural framework for other tissues
provide sensory surfaces
15. Epithelial cells with a flattened, irregular shape and tapered edges are known as
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
columnar cells
protoderm cells
squamous cells
stratified cells
tile cells
16. The glands of vertebrates are derived from
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
invaginated epithelium
simple stratified epithelium
stratified squamous epithelium
simple columnar epithelium
squamous keratinized epithelium
17. If the connection between the gland and the epithelial membrane is maintained as a duct, the gland
is called a(n)
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
exocrine gland
endocrine gland
lymph gland
gonadal gland
muscular gland
18. All connective tissues share which of the following structural features?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
contain cells
contain a matrix filled with extracellular material
contain sarcomere units
a, b, and c
a and b
19. In arthropods, locomotion is accomplished by muscles that work against
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
each other
the exoskeleton
a hydrostatic skeleton
mineralized bones
the pseudocoel
20. Insects such as mosquitoes and beetles can beat their wings at tremendous speeds. This can be
accomplished because
A. their wing muscle contractions causes another set of muscles to stretch which in turn produces
another contraction without waiting for the arrival of a nerve impulse
B. their wing muscle contractions causes another set of muscles to relax which in turn produces
another wing movement
C. their wing muscle contractions are stimulated by the continuous nerve signal impulses which
produce a continuous contraction of their wing muscles
D. their wing muscle contractions are capable of producing more ATP which allows these insects to
have much faster and sustained wing movements
E. their wing muscle contractions produce nerve impulses which lead to more contraction of the
wing muscles which in turn permits faster motion of the wings
21. Trout and eels have to move efficiently through their watery environment. The difference between
how a trout and an eel move through water is
A. the eel pushes against the water with the posterior portion of its body while the trout uses its entire
body for pushing against the water
B. the trout pushes against the water with the posterior portion of its body while the eel uses its entire
body for pushing against the water
C. the eel uses only its dorsal fin while the trout uses it pelvic and dorsal fin for pushing through the
water
D. the eel alternates from anterior pushing to posterior pushing with its body while the trout uses only
its posterior body
E. the eel is able to move more efficiently because of its thick slime coating which the trout does not
have
22. Select the incorrect statement about muscle fibers.
A. A quick contraction and relaxation of an isolated skeletal muscle is called tetanus.
B. Slow-twitch muscle fibers, for example the soleus muscle of the leg, require about 100
milliseconds to reach maximum tension.
C. Slow-twitch muscle fibers have high concentrations of myoglobin.
D. Fast-twitch fibers, for example the muscles of the human eye, reach maximum tensions in 7.3
milliseconds.
E.
Fast-twitch fibers have fewer capillaries and mitochondria than slow-twitch fibers.
23. Select the incorrect statement related to muscles and muscle fibers.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Muscle fibers are composed of myofibrils.
Myofibrils are components of segments known as Z lines.
Stacks of thick myofibrils produce dark bands, called the A band.
I bands are composed of thin myofilaments.
Sacromeres are the smallest subunits of muscle contraction.
24. Which of the following statements relating to skeletal muscle and their functions is not correct?
A. Skeletal muscles are attached to bones by ligaments.
B. The origin of a skeletal muscle remains relatively stationary.
C. The end of the muscle called the insertion is attached to the bone that moves when the muscle
contracts.
D. Muscles that cause the same action at a joint are referred to as synergists.
E. Muscles that produce opposing actions are called antagonists.
25. All of the following statements about bone and its structure are correct except
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Bone is an organic extracellular matrix of collagen fibers and hydroxyapartite crystals.
Bone tissue is not living since it contains hydroxyapartite crystals.
Bone tissue is a special form of connective tissue.
Bone tissue serves as a reservoir for calcium and phosphate ions.
Bone marrow is a site for blood cell formations.
26. Which of the following joint types is not correctly matched with its example?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
synovial joint—femur and pelvis
slightly movable joint—vertebral column
immovable joint—skull sutures
synovial joint—finger joint
cartilaginous joint—knee joint
27. Earthworms use their hydrostatic skeletons to move through the soil. As earthworms move
through the soil they
A. contract their circular muscles, which presses their longitudinal muscles, which in turn stretch to
elongate the segments of their bodies
B. contract their longitudinal muscles, which presses their circular muscles, which in turn stretch to
elongate the segments of their bodies
C. contract their circular muscles, which stretch their longitudinal muscles, which in turn stretch to
enlarge the segments of their bodies
D. contract their circular muscles, which presses their clitellum and attached setae into the burrow;
with the setae as anchors, the earthworms are able to pull their bodies through the soil
E. contract their longitudinal muscles, which compresses their circular muscles, which in turn reduce
each segment's circumference allowing forward movement
28. All of the following statements about exoskeletons are correct except
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Exoskeletons are made of chitin.
Muscles are attached to the exoskeleton.
Exoskeletons do not limit growth because they are flexible.
Exoskeletons are shed by many arthropods in a process called molting.
Chitin is a polysaccharide.