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CH 5 Section 3 & 4
Sumerian Achievements and Later People of the Fertile Crescent
Cuneiform
Cuneiform – the world’s first system of writing.
Styluses- tool they used to write with
What did they write on?
Answer: Tablet
Sumerian Cuneiform
Development of Writing
Pictographs- a picture with symbols
Scribe- a person who writes
Epic- long poems that tell stories of heroes
What was the name of the story about the legendary
Sumerian King?
The Epic of Gilgamesh
Advancements and Inventions
The Wheel
The Plow
Sewers
Math and Science
Math Based on the number 60
Circle divided into 360 degrees
Areas of rectangles and triangles
(The Clock)
The Art of Sumer
Architecture- the science and art of building
Ziggurat- a pyramid shaped temple that rose high above the
city in Sumer. (Dominated City)
Sumerians to Akkadians
After the Fall of Sargon the Sumerians came back for a little
bit and were called
Sumerians II (After the Fall of Sargon)
Who came next?
Babylonians Conqueror
Mesopotamia
Section 4 Later People of the
Fertile Crescent
Babylonians Conquer Mesopotamia
Around 1792 BC Hammurabi became King
He ruled for 42 years, creating the Babylon Empire
Hammurabi’s Code
282 Laws that dealt with almost every part of daily life.
Why is it important?
It contains some ideas that are still found in laws today.
Hammurabi's Code
“A eye for an
eye…”
Invasions of Mesopotamia
Hittites and Kassites- built a kingdom in what is known
today as modern day Turkey.
Hittities king was assassinated and the Kassites took over
Hittites- mastered ironworking , stronger weapons
Chariot- a wheeled horse-drawn cart used in battle.
Hittites and Kassites
Next the Assyrians
1200 BC –rose to power
But were soon overpowered by invaders
900 BC- Came back and began to take over the entire Fertile
Crescent
Strong Army and Weaponry led to their take over of the
region.
Nineveh- Capital City of the Assyrians
Map on page 134
Chaldeans/ Neo Babylonian
Empire
652 BC- War between Assyrians and Chaldeans.
612 BC Chaldeans had defeated the Assyrians.
Nineveh- new capital for the Chaldeans
King Nebuchadnezzar- rebuilt Babylon, featuring famous
Hanging Gardens.
Chaldeans Advancements
Admired Sumerian culture
Center for Astronomy
Kept track of economical, political, and weather events
Geometry
Hanging Gardens &
Nebuchadnezzar
The Phoenicians
Created a wealthy trading society
Located in Modern Day Lebanon
Most Important Achievement
Alphabet- is a set of letters that can be combined to form
words.
List the Civilizations from
Earliest to Latest
1. Sumerians
2. Akkadians
3. Sumerians 2 (After the Fall of Sargon)
4. Babylonians
5. Hittites
6. Kassites
7. Assyrians
8. Chaldeans