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Transcript
Physics Course Outline Wk 1 Models, theories, and laws Measurement and uncertainty Units, standards, and the SI system Converting units Order of magnitude: rapid estimating Reference frames and displacement Average velocity Instantaneous velocity Acceleration Motion at constant acceleration Solving problems Falling objects Graphical analysis of linear motion Wk 2 Vectors and scalars Addition of vectors—graphical methods Subtraction of vectors, and multiplication of a vector by a vector Adding vectors by components Projectile motion Solving problems involving projectile motion Projectile motion is parabolic Relative velocity Wk 3 Force Newton’s first law of motion Mass Newton’s second law of motion Newton’s third law of motion Weight—the force of gravity; and the normal force Solving problems with Newton’s laws: vector forces and free-body diagrams Applications involving friction, inclines Problem solving—A general approach Wk 4 Kinematics of uniform circular motion Dynamics of uniform circular motion A car rounding a curve Nonuniform circular motion Centrifugation Newton’s law of universal gravitation Gravity near the Earth’s surface; geophysical applications Satellites and “weightlessness” Kepler’s laws and Newton’s synthesis Types of forces in nature Wk 5 Work done by a constant force Work done by a varying force Kinetic energy, and the work-energy principle Potential energy Conservative and nonconservative forces Mechanical energy and its conservation Problem solving using conservation of mechanical energy Other forms of energy; energy transformations and the law of conservation of energy Energy conservation with dissipative forces: solving problems Wk 6 Momentum and its relation to forces Page 1 Conservation of momentum Collisions and impulse Conservation of energy and momentum in collisions Elastic collisions in one dimension—problems using energy and momentum conservation Center of mass (CM) CM for the human body Center of mass and translational motion Wk 7 Angular quantities Kinematic equations for uniformly accelerated rotational motion Rolling motion Torque Rotational dynamics; torque and rotational inertia Solving problems in rotational dynamics Rotational kinetic energy Angular momentum and its conservation Vector nature of angular quantities Wk 8 Statics—the study of forces in equilibrium The conditions for equilibrium Solving statics problems Applications to muscles and joints Stability and balance Elasticity; stress and strain Fracture Spanning a space: arches and domes Wk 9 Density and specific gravity Pressure in fluids Atmospheric pressure and gauge pressure Pascal’s principle Measurement of pressure; gauges and the barometer Buoyancy and Archimedes' principle Fluids in motion; flow rate and the equation of continuity Bernoulli's equation Applications of Bernoulli's principle: from Torricelli to sailboats, airfoils, and TIA Viscosity Flow in tubes: Poiseuille's equation, blood flow Surface tension and capillarity Pumps; the heart and blood pressure Wk 10 Simple harmonic motion Energy in the simple harmonic oscillator The period and sinusoidal nature of SHM The simple pendulum Damped harmonic motion Forced vibrations; resonance Wave motion Types of waves: transverse and longitudinal Energy transported by waves Intensity related to amplitude and frequency Reflection and interference of waves Standing waves; resonance Refraction and diffraction Wk 11 Characteristics of sound Intensity of sound: decibels Amplitude related to intensity Page 2 The ear and its response; loudness Sources of sound: vibrating strings and air columns Quality of sound, and noise Interference of sound waves; beats Doppler effect Shock waves and the sonic boom Applications; ultrasound and medical imaging Wk 12 Atomic theory of matter Temperature and thermometers Thermal equilibrium and the zeroth law of thermodynamics Thermal expansion Anomalous behavior of water below 4°C Thermal stresses The gas laws and absolute The ideal gas law Problem solving with the ideal gas law Ideal gas law in terms of molecules: Avogadro's number Kinetic theory and the molecular interpretation of temperature Distribution of molecular speeds Real gases and changes of phase Vapor pressure and humidity Diffusion Wk 13 Heat as energy transfer Distinction between temperature, heat, and internal energy Internal energy of an ideal gas Specific heat Calorimetry-solving problems Latent heat Problem solving: calorimetry Heat transfer: conduction Heat transfer: convection Heat transfer: radiation Wk 14 The first law of thermodynamics First law of thermodynamics applied to some simple systems Human metabolism and the first law The second law of thermodynamics--introduction Heat engines Refrigerators, air conditioners, and heat pumps Entropy and the second law of thermodynamics Order to disorder Unavailability of energy; heat death Evolution and growth; "Time's arrow" Statistical interpretation of entropy and the second law Energy resources: thermal pollution Problem solving: thermodynamics Wk 15 Static electricity; electric charge and its conservation Electric charge in the atom Insulators and conductors Induced charge, the electroscope Coulomb's law Solving problems involving Coulomb's law and vectors The electric field Problem solving: electrostatics Field lines Electric fields and conductors Page 3 Electric forces in molecular biology: DNA structure and replication Page 4