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Biology
Ch 5 – CH 6 Test Review
Researchers study a population’s
1. geographic range
2. density and distribution
3. growth rate
4. age structure
5. Population density refers to the number of individuals per unit area.
6. Age structure - the number of males and females of each age a
population contains.
Four factors that can affect population size are
7. birth rate
8. death rate
9. immigration
10. emigration
11. Under ideal conditions with unlimited resources, a population will grow
exponentially.
12. Logistic growth occurs when a population’s growth slows and then
stops following a period of exponential growth.
13. Carrying capacity is the maximum number of individuals of a
particular species that a particular environment can support.
14. Acting separately or together, limiting factors determine the carrying
capacity of an environment for a species.
15. The scientific study of human populations is called demography.
16. Demographic transition: a dramatic change from high birth rates and
death rates to low birthrates and death rates.
17. Monoculture: the practice of clearing large areas of land to plant a
single highly productive crop year after year.
18. Renewable resources: any resource that can be continually replaced.
19. Nonrenewable resources: any resource that cannot be replaced or used
up faster than it can be replaced.
20. Sustainable development provides for human needs while preserving
the ecosystems that produce natural resources.
21. The combination of farming, overgrazing, drought and climate change
has caused desertification.
22. Deforestation = loss of forests.
23. Harmful substances entering the biosphere are called pollutants.
24. Pollutants are concentrated and multiplied as they are passed up the food
chain in a process called: biological magnification.
The primary sources of water pollution are:
25. industrial and agricultural chemicals,
26. residential sewage and
27. non-point sources.
Four common forms of air pollution include:
28. Smog - a gray-brown haze caused by industrial processes and
automobile exhausts.
29. Acid rain - precipitation having unusually low pH.
30. Greenhouse gases - which contribute to global warming.
31. Particulates - microscopic particles of ash and dust.
32. Ecosystem diversity refers to the variety of habitats, communities and
ecological processes in the biosphere.
33. The number of different species in the biosphere is called species
diversity.
34. Genetic diversity refers to the sum total of all different forms of genetic
information carried by a particular species, or by all organisms on Earth.
Biodiversity’s benefits to society include contributions to:
35. medicine and 36. agriculture, and the provision of ecosystem
37. goods and 38. services.
List five (5) threats to biodiversity:
39. habitat fragmentation (which occurs when development splits
ecosystems into pieces).
40. hunting/demand for wildlife products (governed by the CITES treaty)
41. Introduced species (like zebra mussels and lion fish)
42. Pollution (examples include acid rain and pesticides)
43. Climate change (made worse by global warming)
44. An ecological footprint describes the total area required to provide
resources and eliminate wastes for an individual or population.
45. The average American has an ecological footprint 4X larger than the
global average.
46. Aquaculture: the farming of aquatic animals.
47. The increase in average temperatures world-wide is called global
warming.
We can have a positive impact on the global environment if we:
48. recognize a problem in the environment,
49. research the problem to determine its cause,
50. use scientific understanding to change our behavior.