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Restless Earth Glossary Asthenosphere the upper part of the mantle. Collision plate boundary (margin) Stratovolcano Where two tectonic plates collide. Conservative plate boundary (margin) Constructive plate boundary (margin) Continental crust Convection currents Core Crust Destructive plate boundary (margin) Evacuation Igneous rock Long-term planning Lithosphere Magnetosphere Magnitude Management Mantle Oceanic crust Plate boundaries (margins) A cone shaped volcano formed from layers of different kinds of lava. When two tectonic plates slide past one another. Where two tectonic plates move apart. thick(30-50 km), low density crust forming land. Often made of granite. movements in the liquid outer core and mantle created as heat rises from the core. They are strong enough to move the tectonic plates on the Earth’s surface. the innermost layer of the Earth. The inner core is so deep and is under such huge pressure that it stays solid. The outer core is liquid because it is under lower pressure. The outer core generates Earth’s magnetic field. the surface of the Earth. When two tectonic plates collide and one is destroyed. When people move from a place to danger to a safer place. is formed when molten rock from a volcano cools and hardens. Planning that looks beyond the immediate costs and benefits by exploring impacts in the future. the uppermost layer of the Earth. It is cool and brittle. It includes the crust and the solid top layer of the mantle. the invisible magnetic field surrounding the Earth created by the Earth’s outer core. Of an earthquake, an expression of the total energy released. The ways in which people try to control natural events (e.g. earthquakes and volcanoes) and their impacts. They do this by prediction and preparation. the largest of the Earth’s layers by volume. Found between the crust and the core. thin (6-8 km), dense crust under the oceans, often made of basalt. Where tectonic plates meet. There are three kinds of boundary Prediction Preparation Primary effects Radioactive decay Relief effort Response Richter scale Secondary effects Seismometer Shield volcano Short-term emergency relief Tectonic hazards Tectonic plate Granitic rocks Basaltic rocks Plumes Magma Lava Geothermal heat Focus Epicentre Saying that something will happen in the future. A scientific prediction is based on statistical evidence. Watching for warning signs in order to foretell when a hazard event will occur. Caused instantly by a hazard. E.g. roads crack, walls collapse and landslide happen when there is an earthquake. atoms of naturally unstable elements release particles from their nuclei and give off heat. Help given by organisations or countries to help those facing an emergency. The way in which people react to a situation. Measures the strength, or magnitude, of an earthquake on a scale from 0 to 10. In the hours, days and weeks after a hazard. E.g. fires break out, disease spreads and food and water run out after an earthquake. A machine for recording and measuring an earthquake. a volcano shaped like a shield, with very gentle slopes. Made from basaltic lava which is very fluid (low viscosity). Help and aid provided to an area to prevent immediate loss of life because of shortages of basics, such as water, food and shelter. Threats posed by earthquakes, volcanoes and other events triggered by crustal processes. the Earth’s surface is broken down into large pieces, like a cracked eggshell. The pieces are called tectonic plates, or just plates. are made up of large crystals which formed as magma cooled slowly. The contain low density minerals such as quartz and feldspar. are fine-grained with no visible crystals. They range from black to grey in colour. Most occur in lava flows and sheets. the parts of the convection cells where heat moves up towards the surface. molten (liquid) rock inside the Earth’s surface. molten rock ejected onto Earth’s surface by volcanic activity. heat from inside the Earth the point of origin of an earthquake. the point on the ground directly above the focus (centre) of an earthquake.