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Interpreting X-rays www.thesimpsonstv.net/... / X-rays are an extremely useful diagnostic tool for doctors, allowing them to see dense structures (like bone) inside the body. This task involves the identification of skeletons of humans of several different ages and the diagnosis of a number of different problems in the skeletal system. Below are descriptions of the symptoms of five medical problems associated with the skeleton and a sequence of X-ray plates. Read the descriptions carefully and find the X-ray that you think matches each one. Write the name of the problem in the space below the X-ray and give your reasons for making that diagnosis. There are then full-body X-rays of three human skeletons. Using your knowledge of human growth patterns, identify which is from an adult, which from a newborn baby and which from a 5-year-old. Again, give your reasons for each identification. Achondroplasia – a genetic cause of dwarfism. Characterised by abnormal body proportions – generally the limbs are short relative to the size of the trunk (caused by a shortening of the long limb bones), the fingers are short and the head is relatively large, with a prominent forehead. Arthritis – the most common form of arthritis is osteoarthritis (also known as degenerative joint disease). In this condition, the cartilage at the end of the bones making up a joint either deteriorates or ossifies (turns to bone) and there is a loss of synovial fluid from the joint. These result in a loss of space within the joint, forcing bone into contact with bone. Patients experience a lack of mobility in the joint, worsening pain as the disease progresses and often swelling in the joint. Greenstick fracture – a broken bone most commonly seen in children. Greenstick fractures are usually the result of direct trauma to the bone, and are only "partial" fractures, in which the bone does not completely break through, but splits on one side, the other side being compressed. Open fracture – a fracture where the broken ends of the bone have become separated from each other and there is space between them. (The term can also be used to describe a case where the fracture is associated with an open wound i.e. where the broken bone has pushed through the surrounding tissue). Rickets – a medical condition in children caused by a vitamin D deficiency, which leads to the softening of the bones. In toddlers this causes bow legs, while older children develop turned-in knee joints (“knock-knees”). Vitamin D is necessary for the absorption of calcium from the gut. http://www.humanillnesses.com/original/A t-Ca/Broken-Bones-and-Fractures.html 1) http://www.glucosaminearthritis.org/arthritis/DJD-Knee.html www.answers.com/topic/primidone-1 2) 4) 3) 5) http://www.mybrokenleg.com/faq/glossary.html http://www.bonesgrace.blogspot.com/ 1) Diagnosis: ________________________________________________________ Reasons: ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 2) Diagnosis: ________________________________________________________ Reasons: ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 3) Diagnosis: ________________________________________________________ Reasons: ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 4) Diagnosis: ________________________________________________________ Reasons: ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 5) Diagnosis: ________________________________________________________ Reasons: ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ Skeleton of _____________________________________ Reasons _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ Skeleton of _____________________________________ Reasons _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ Skeleton of _____________________________________ Reasons _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________