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THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR CAUSES OF THE WAR Greek city-states began to fear Athens attempt at power and prestige. Athens had grown into a naval empire under the rule of Pericles. Athenian settlers began moving into other Greek territories. City-states that wanted to break away from the Delian League were punished by Pericles. Sparta creates the Peloponnesus League in an attempt to stand up to Athens power. SPARTA DECLARES WAR ON ATHENS IN 431 B.C. THE WAR Spartan advantages: o Superior land forces o Sparta was strategically located so that it could not be attacked by sea. Athens advantages: o Superior navy o Could attack Spartan allies by sea Spartan strategy: o Cut off Athenian food supply by burning crops. Spartans raided Athens’ planted crops every year. o They did this to antagonize Athenian forces to meet them in battle. Athenian strategy: o Avoid land battles and rely on sea power. o Allow Spartan soldiers to destroy crops. The Athenian navy could supply Athens with food from the sea. o Land Athenian troops into Spartan territory by sea. o Pericles brought Athenians into the city to be protected. Disaster Strikes Athens o Athens became overcrowded o Outbreak of the plague killed as many as 1/3 of population, including Pericles. ATHENS SURRENDERS TO SPARTA IN 404 B.C. EFFECTS OF THE WAR Massive population loss throughout Greece. All city-states suffered economic and military losses. Crops around Greece were destroyed. In 359 B.C., Philip II, King of Macedonia (north of Greece) invaded the Greek mainland. Philip II conquered most of Greece because the Greek city-states were too weak to unite.