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World History Review
1. Justinian’s Code has been the basis for what in many countries?
Laws & Legal Systems
Name: __________________________
2.
List three examples of Roman legacies:
Architecture, Republic-style government, Christianity
3.
Rome’s government system was originally a _____republic_______________, a type of government in which citizens elect their leaders.
4.
List three reasons why Rome fell:
Weak leaders, bad economy, invasions
5.
The capital of the Byzantine Empire was Byzantium, which was later re-named _______Constantinople___________, after Emperor
Constantine.
6.
The Byzantine Empire reached its height under Emperor _______________Justinian_____________.
7.
One of the most important legacies of the Norman Invasion of England (1066) was the creation of modern _______English_________,
from the blending of Saxon and Norman languages.
8.
In what ways did England’s culture change after the Battle of Hastings?
Feudalism was brought to England, Normans and Saxon nobles married (new ruling class), and English was created
9.
Which medieval theologian based his philosophy on the concept of natural law?
Thomas Aquinas
10. Which institution is responsible for the establishment of universities throughout Europe during the Middle Ages?
Catholic Church
11. How did European mountain ranges influence Europe’s cultural development?
Mountain ranges separated areas, which caused the rise of individual cultures
12. How was Christianity spread all over Europe?
Catholic Church sent out missionaries
13. Why was Charlemagne concerned when the Pope crowned him emperor in the year 800?
He worried the Pope had too much power
14. What are three effects the Crusades had on European culture?
New goods, Increased curiosity to explore, better maps
15. How did the Black Death affect both the European economy and society during the Middle Ages?
The economy collapsed due to a shortage of workers (rise of merchant class), and feudalism was weakened
16. How did the fertile soil of the North European plain affect Europe’s development?
The North European Plain became a center of population in Europe
17. What was the purpose of the Magna Carta?
It limited the power of the king and gave rights to free Englishmen
18. What was the Christian goal of the Crusades?
To take back Jerusalem from Muslim control
19. How did the Black Death arrive in Europe?
Fleas on rats from boats arriving in Italian port cities
20. Why were Florence and Venice, Italy important during the Renaissance?
Both were centers of artistic culture
21. Why do we remember the Medici family of Florence, Italy?
They supported famous Renaissance artists such as Da Vinci and Michelangelo
22. Why were the printing press, literacy (ability to read), and widespread use of Latin some of the most important events during
Renaissance Europe?
All increased knowledge, encouraged learning, and weakened the power of the Catholic Church
23. What was the state of the Catholic Church during the early Renaissance?
Corrupt (too focused on money/power)
24. The belief that humans should make the most of their lives on Earth and use logic to understand their world is an idea known as:
__________humanism____________________.
25. Why was the idea of Humanism harmful to the Catholic Church’s authority?
People focused more on their lives and knowledge, and less on the Church’s role in their lives
26. How did increased literacy (ability to read) among Europeans affect their relationship with the Catholic Church?
Europeans began to rely more on knowledge/reason and less on the Church’s authority
27. Who were some of the most important writers, inventors, and artists of the Renaissance?
Michelangelo, Leonardo Da Vinci, Johannes Gutenberg, William Shakespeare
28. During the early 1500s, what did Martin Luther do in Europe that forever changed Christianity?
He broke away from the Catholic Church and started the first Protestant church
29. Where did the Renaissance begin?
Florence, Italy
30. How did Calvinism (the ideas of John Calvin) influence ideas about government?
People began to think they should elect their own leaders
31. How did the Shah Abbas develop policies that led to the golden age of Islam?
He was tolerant of Christianity, which allowed trade/interaction with Europe
32. What was the Golden Age of Islam?
It was a time of great artistic and intellectual achievement
33. Bantu villages traced their families’ descent through their mothers, rather than their fathers. This is known as
________________matrilineal______________________.
34. West African Kingdoms, such as Ghana, Mali, and Songhai, specialized in trading _______salt and gold________________________.
35. The West African empires divided labor among one another by assigning different tasks and roles to one another. This is known as
_______labor specialization____________________________________.
36. Which group of traders were the first to cross the Sahara from North Africa to West Africa?
Berbers
37. Aside from trading goods, what else was passed between African merchants across western Africa?
Cultural and religious practices (Islam)
38. How does the land connection between North Africa and Arabia affect their relationship?
The regions share a similar climate and culture
39. What did Mansa Musa do in 1324?
He went on a pilgrimage to Mecca and gave out tons of gold along the way
40. Explain the concept of labor specialization.
Dividing up jobs to accomplish more
41. Why are Timbuktu and Djenné important cities in West African history?
Both were wealthy trading cities and centers of culture and learning
42. Chinese civilization developed along the banks of the ________________Yellow__________ River, making it the most important river in
Chinese history.
43. The _________Gobi___________ Desert stretches across southern Mongolia and northern China.
44. Why did the Tang dynasty destroy Buddhist temples and monasteries in 845?
They feared the growing popularity of Buddhism in China
45. How did Confucianism and the civil service exam maintain a social hierarchy in China?
Confucianism promoted rich, intelligent men
46. What Chinese inventions were spread across Asia and Eastern Europe because of trade?
Gunpowder, steel, compass
47. Even though they were fierce soldiers, how were the Mongols good rulers of their empire?
They protected trade and were tolerant of religious/cultural practices
48. What was the long-term effect of the invention of steel in China?
Better farm tools led to population growth
49. How did Confucianism improve China’s government?
Confucianism places importance on having wise leaders
50. Why did leaders of the Ming dynasty build the Forbidden City?
For the emperor and his family to live there
51. What was the goal of China’s policy of isolationism?
To keep Chinese culture from being contaminated by outside influence
52. What religion resulted from the combination of animism and the kami?
Shinto
53. Describe how both Shinto and Buddhism affected the daily lives of the Japanese.
Shinto taught the importance of nature and the homeland, and Buddhism promised spiritual rewards for the afterlife
54. How would the ideas of Confucianism benefit Shotoku’s government plan?
Confucianism promotes wise leadership
55. What aspect of Chinese culture did the Japanese adopt beginning around the year 500?
Chinese writing system
56. As well as Confucianism, what other Chinese subjects did the Japanese study?
Buddhism, philosophy, medicine
57. Why did the Japanese government become corrupt during the Nara period?
They failed to use civil service exams to hire government officials
58. Why do we remember the Heian period? (What was it known for?)
It was a time of great artistic culture in Japan
59. Why is The Tale of Genji so important in world history?
It was the world’s first novel
60. Who were land-owning warriors who fought for Japanese nobles?
Samurai
61. How did the civil war in 1180 change Japan?
It caused the rise of shogunate governments, which lasted 700 years
62. What intellectual achievement can be traced to the Olmec?
First writing system in the Americas
63. What archaeological legacy did the Olmecs leave behind?
Colossal stone heads
64. Where did the Maya live?
Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico
65. What type of writing system did the Maya use?
Hieroglyphics
66. Despite Spanish conquest in the 1500s, how many Mayans live in Mexico and Guatemala today?
About 2 million
67. What was special about the Aztec capital, Tenochtitlan?
It was built in the middle of a lake
68. What is one of the most significant and accurate Aztec creations?
Calendar
69. How did the Aztec civilization fall in 1521?
Conquered by Spanish forces led by Cortes
70. Where did the Inca create their massive empire?
Andes Mts. In Peru
71. How many people lived in the Incan Empire?
About 12 million
72. Now a World Heritage Site, what incredible archaeological legacy did the Inca leave behind?
Machu Picchu
73. Who led Spanish forces that conquered the Inca in 1533?
Francisco Pizarro
74. Which four countries were dominant in world exploration beginning around 1450?
Portugal, Spain, France, England
75. Why were European countries motivated to explore the world by sea?
Looking for a direct trade route to India
76. What was the result of European exploration of the world by sea?
A global trade network was created
77. What technologies allowed European explorers to find their way around the world’s oceans?
Better ships, maps, compasses, and astrolabes
78. What tool/technology did Europeans have that gave them a huge advantage over native populations in the Americas?
Guns and gunpowder
79. What did Vasco de Gama accomplish which had been a long-term goal for all European explorers?
He sailed around Southern Africa to India
80. Which explorers did Spain contribute to the Age of Exploration?
Columbus, Cortes, Pizarro, Hernando De Soto
81. What was the most catastrophic (disastrous) thing brought from Europe to the Americas during the Age of Exploration?
Diseases like smallpox
82. What sorts of crops were brought from the Americas to Europe?
Corn, potatoes, tomatoes, etc.
83. How did horses change life in the Americas?
Horses made hunting and working much easier
84. Because many Native Americans died from European diseases, whom did Europeans use to work on their large colonial farms?
Slaves from Africa
85. The exchange of goods, animals, plants, and people between the Old World (Europe) and the New World (Americas) is known as what?
Columbian Exchange
86. How were Enlightenment ideals similar to Greek and Roman ideals?
Enlightenment thinkers relied on using reason to solve problems
87. How was the Catholic Church’s influence affected by the Renaissance, the Scientific Revolution, and the Enlightenment?
Europeans began to rely more on reason/knowledge than relying on the Church’s authority/faith in the Church
88. Why did the time period during the early 1700s become known as the Age of Enlightenment?
New knowledge was like a “light” that showed truth