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Circulatory/Respiratory Systems Study Guide Answers
Circulatory System
1. What is the main purpose of the circulatory system?
carry materials (oxygen, nutrients, and cellular wastes) throughout the body
2. Identify the 3 types of blood vessels and what each does?
arteries – carry oxygenated blood away from heart; thick walls, pulse
capillaries – gas exchange between blood and cells; thin
veins – return deoxygenated blood to heart
3. What type of muscle makes up the heart?
cardiac muscle; involuntary
4.
1. label the left & right sides
2. label the left & right atria
3. label the left & right
ventricles
4. color the “oxygen-poor” side blue
5. color the “oxygen-rich” side red
6. label the valves
7. label the aorta
aorta
right
atrium
right side
valve
right
ventricle
left
atrium
left
ventricle
low oxygen
valve
left side
high oxygen
5. What is the function of the valves in the heart?
valves maintain a one-way flow of blood to prevent mixing of oxygen-rich and
oxygen-poor blood
6. What happens when your heart beats?
the valves open & close
7. What happens when you feel your pulse?
the artery expands and contracts as blood flows through
8. Explain pulmonary circulation. (What is its purpose & where does the blood flow?)
it is the circulation of blood between the heart & lungs; oxygenates blood, gets rid of carbon
dioxide
9. Explain systemic circulation. (What is its purpose & where does the blood flow?)
the circulation of blood between the heart and body cells; delivers oxygen to cells and picks up
carbon dioxide
Respiratory System
10. Explain the difference and connection between breathing and cellular respiration.
breathing – inhale oxygen; exhale carbon dioxide
cellular respiration – produces energy (ATP) in mitochondria by combining glucose & oxygen
breathing supplies oxygen for cellular respiration and gets rid of the
carbon dioxide that is produced
11. Identify the complete pathway of oxygen as it is taken into the human body and makes its way to
cells.
mouth/nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, lungs, alveoli
gas exchange occurs at the alveoli:
oxygen enters the alveoli and diffuses into the capillaries and eventually into cells
carbon dioxide diffuses from the cells into the capillaries; it will be released through the
alveoli upon exhalation
12. Explain how you breathe. Details!
inhale as diaphragm contracts (pushes downwards) and ribs move outward
movement increases volume and decreases pressure, causing lungs to inflate
exhale as diaphragm relaxes (pushes upwards) and ribs move inward
movement decreases volume and increases pressure, causing lungs to deflate
13. Explain the following diagram in detail. Include the connection between the respiratory and the
circulatory systems in maintaining homeostasis.
Deoxygenated blood returns from the body’s cells carrying carbon dioxide. Gas exchange occurs in
the capillaries. Carbon dioxide diffuses into the alveoli, and is exhaled. Oxygen diffuses into the
blood from the alveoli. This blood returns to the body’s cells to deliver a new supply of oxygen for the
process of cellular respiration.
14. Explain the results of the bromothymol blue lab that investigated if the amount of carbon dioxide
that is exhaled changes as a result of exercise.
The time that it took for the bromothymol blue to change color was less following exercise.
This indicates that exercise increases the amount of carbon dioxide that a person exhales.
15. Explain the overall purpose of the respiratory system.
The respiratory system provides the oxygen that is used by mitochondria in the process of
cellular respiration to produce energy. The respiratory system also removes the carbon
dioxide that is produced as a waste product during cellular respiration.