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Name Date Period CHS X BIOLOGY FINAL EXAM 2012 TEST DATE: Friday June 8th 2012 Room #__________ * PART I: MULTIPLE CHOICE Unit Evolution Microbes, Protists and Fungi Plants Invertebrates Vertebrates Genetics Chapters 14: History of Life 15: Theory of Evolution 16: Population of Genetics and Speciation 17: Classification of Organisms 23: Bacteria 24: Viruses 25: Protists 26: Fungi 28: Evolution and Classification 29: Plant Structure & Function 30: Plant Reproduction 32: Intro to Animals 33: Sponges & Cnidarians 34: Flatworms & Roundworms 35: Mollusks & Annelids 36: Arthropods 37: Insects 39: Fish 40: Amphibians 41: Reptiles 42: Birds 43: Mammals 9: Mendel’s Genetics, Punnett Squares 12: Human Genetics # of Questio ns 3 6 6 10 8 6 3 3 6 4 5 5 3 1 2 3 2 2 2 3 3 6 25 10 Total # Questions for Unit Percentage of test by Unit 25 20% 20 16% 15 12% 16 13% 14 11% 35 28% 125 Total * PART II: FREE RESPONSE There will be several free response questions, similar in format to what you might see next year on the PSSA Science assessment. Each of the six units listed above will be addressed in the free response section. FINAL EXAM REVIEW PACKET CHAPTER 14-17: THEORY OF EVOLUTION and CLASSIFICATION Radioactive dating – EvolutionAdaptationHomologous Structures (define and examples)Analogous Structures (define and examples)Vestigial Structures (define and examples)- 1. In what ways can fossils form? 2. What are some examples of fossils? 3. On what islands did Darwin form his ideas of evolution? 4. What are Darwin’s ideas that he published in his book about evolution? 5. Darwin observed that finches differed in the shape of their beaks, he believed the finches arose from a _____________ _______________. 6. According to Darwin, why does evolution occur? 7. What things are needed for natural selection to occur? 8. Define taxonomy. 9. List the levels of classification beginning with the largest, most inclusive group. 10. As we move from kingdom species, the organisms become more/less similar in appearance? 11. What is the scientific name for humans? What language is this written in? 12. Why don’t scientists use common names for organisms? 13. What characteristics of organisms are used in classification systems? 14. Complete the following tables that compare the kingdoms of living things: Kingdom Characteristics Multicellular, eukaryotic, perform photosynthesis Multicellular, eukaryotic, heterotrophic by eating Unicellular, prokaryotic (two possible) Unicellular, eukaryotic, some heterotrophic some autotrophic Multicellular, eukaryotic, heterotrophic by breaking down organic matter then absorbing it KINGDOM PROKARYOTIC HETEROTROPHS UNICELLULAR OR OR OR EUKARYOTIC? AUTOTROPHS? MULTICELLULAR CELL WALL PRESENT? Bacteria/Archaea Protists Fungi Plants Animals CHAPTERS 23-25: MICROBES, PROTISTS & FUNGI 15. What are the earliest known group of living organisms? ___________________ 16. Name three structures that are found in eukaryotic cells but not prokaryotic cells: 17. Draw and identify the three shapes of bacteria: 18. What are archaea? Where do they live? 19. What do bacteria use to move? ______________________________ 20. What are the parts of a virus? 21. Draw a bacteriophage and label its parts. 22. When a bacteriophage infects a bacterium, the viral ______________ enters into the bacterial cell, while the ________________ stays outside of the cell. 23. What happens to the viral DNA in the lytic cycle? The lysogenic? 24. Are viruses considered living or non-living? Explain. 25. Why do we study viruses? 26. What is a pathogen? 27. _______________________ is a process in which two paramecia exchange pieces of genetic material following meiosis. 28. What makes Euglena different from other protists? 29. Draw a mushroom and label its parts: 30. Relate the terms hyphae and mycelium: 31. What is a lichen? CHAPTERS 28-31: PLANTS Cuticle Germination Pollination Fertilization – 32. What were some challenges faced by early land plants? 33. Compare the following pairs of terms: o Vascular vs Non-vascular o Gymnosperm vs Angiosperm o Xylem vs Phloem o Monocots vs Dicots 34. Label and describe the function of the following parts indicated on the diagrams below: CHAPTERS 32-37: INVERTEBRATES 35. Which type of symmetry does each of the following animals display? ____________ symmetry ____________ symmetry 36. What is the common name for each invertebrate phyla listed below? Poirfera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Annelida Mollusca Arthropoda Echinodermata ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ 37. What phyla of invertebrates are sessile as adults? 38. Complete the following chart: Structure Cnidocytes Function Found in which group of animals? Radula 39. What are three characteristics shared by all chordates at some point in their development? 40. How do sponges obtain food? 41. Which 2 phyla of invertebrates show segmented body plans? 42. Label the 3 body segments of the insect below: 43. What class do spiders & scorpions belong to? _________________________ 44. Lobsters have jointed appendages, which puts them in the phylum ____________________. CHAPTERS 38-44: VERTEBRATES 45. Fill in the table below: Class Endothermic or Ectothermic # Heart Chambers Other Major Characteristics/Features Agnatha Chondrichtheyes Osteichthyes Ampibians Reptiles Aves Mammals 46. The structure that covers and protects gills of a fish is called the ________________. 47. Where must frogs and toads return to reproduce? _____________________ 48. Compare the skin of an amphibian and a reptile: 49. Compare the following terms: oviparous, marsupial,& placental mammals: CHAPTER 9 - GENETICS Terms to Know: MendelGeneticsDominant TraitRecessive TraitLaw of SegregationLaw of Independent AssortmentHomozygousHeterozygousPunnett SquareMonohybrid vs Dyhibrid CrossGenotypePhenotypeMutationDown’s SyndromeFemale genotype:___________ Male genotype:_____________ Use the following information for the remaining questions in this section: Pea Plants: G = Green Pods g = yellow pods T = Tall t = short A) One factor cross – 50. Cross a heterozygous green with a yellow. Parent genotypes: ____________ X _____________ Square: Genotypic Ratio Phenotypic Ratio 51. Cross two heterozygous tall plants. Parent genotypes: ____________ X _____________ Square: Genotypic Ratio Phenotypic Ratio b) Two Factor Cross 52. Cross a Heterozygous Tall, Heterozygous Green plant with a short yellow plant Parent genotypes: ____________ X _____________ Square: Phenotypic Ratio: CHAPTER 12 – HUMAN GENETICS 53. What are the genotypes for each of the following phenotypes (blood types)? Blood Type All Possible Genotypes A B AB O 54. If a person that is heterozygous for Type A blood marries someone with Type AB blood, what are the possible blood genotypes and phenotypes for their children? 55. What is non-disjunction and how does it happen? 56. What happens to chromosome numbers in gametes if non-disjunction occurs? 57. Traits that are carried on the X chromosome are said to be __________- ____________. 58. Why is the gender of a baby determined by the father’s sperm cell? 59. What is a pedigree and what does it show you? 60. How many alleles are present in the human gene pool for blood type? 61. Colorblindness, and other sex-linked traits, are more common in (males or females)? Why? 62. Can a colorblind mother produce a son with normal color vision? Show a Punnett square to prove your answer: 63. Find all possible blood types (and percent chance of that blood type) in children born to a hybrid A mother and hybrid B father.