Download 6 Man and the environment

Certificate Biology - New Mastering Basic Concepts
Chapter 6
Suggested answers to Activity Books Ch 6
Man and the environment
STS connection 6.1 Air pollution and water pollution in Hong Kong
(Bk 1, p.88)
Task 1
1
Chemical (chemical structure) and physical (size, shape, solubility) properties, toxicity, age of
recipient, health status of recipient, dose, duration of exposure, humidity, presence of other
contaminants, etc.
2
Source
Control measure
Power plant
1
2
3
Use of cleaner fuel such as coal with low sulphur content
Installation of control equipment such as electrostatic precipitator
Use of hydroelectric power, wind energy, solar energy or geothermal
energy for power generation
Factory
1
2
3
Use of cleaner fuel such as coal with low sulphur content
Installation of control equipment such as electrostatic precipitator
Enforcement of emission regulations
Motor vehicle
1
Use of lead-free petrol, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) or ultra-low
sulphur diesel
Use of alternative fuel vehicles or environmental friendly transportation
modes such as railway
Development in vehicle engine technology, newer inspection and
maintenance techniques
Enforcement of emission regulations
2
3
4
3
E. coli are found in faeces. A large number of the bacteria in water therefore suggests water
pollution by faeces and the presence of some other disease-causing micro-organisms.
4
Eye infection, skin infection, gastrointestinal illnesses, etc.
STS connection 6.2 Environmental impacts of urban development
(Bk 1, p.91)
Task 1
1
Changing of the natural habitats of wildlife. Changing of the water level of wetland at Long
Valley. Loss of fish ponds. Production of noise. Pollution of air.
2
Use of an underground tunnel instead of a viaduct to run across Long Valley. Use of non-toxic
biodegradable foam and special machines to make the tunnel. Improvement of the functions of
existing fish ponds. Use of quiet machines and noise barriers. Watering of roads.
3
(Answer varies with Ss.)
 Oxford University Press 2005
Page 1 / 4
Certificate Biology - New Mastering Basic Concepts
Suggested answers to Activity Books Ch 6
STS connection 6.3 Sustainable development in Hong Kong
(Bk 1, p.93)
Task
Impacts of the Disneyland project
Society
The theme park will provide entertainment to Hong Kong people.
The project will provide 18 400 jobs on opening and up to 35 800 new jobs over a 20-year period.
It helps reduce unemployment in Hong Kong.
Community facilities, roads, ferry piers, etc. will be built around the area. This facilitates the urban
development of Lantau Island.
Economy
The theme park will generate an income of $148 billion over 40 years.
Tourism in Hong Kong is enhanced. The theme park will attract 3.4 million incoming tourists
(including 1.4 million additional tourists) in the first year, rising to 7.3 million (including 2.9
million additional tourists) after 15 years. Additional spending by tourists will be around $8.3
billion in the first year, rising to $16.8 billion annually after 20 years.
The theme park will attract investment in the building of hotels, restaurants, etc. from the business
sector.
Environment
The building of the theme park pollutes seawater and removes natural habitats at Penny’s Bay. It
also brings harms to the wildlife, such as the Chinese White Dolphin (中華白海豚), and reduces
biodiversity.
The shipyard near the construction site was also found to contain 30 000 m3 of soil contaminated
with the cancer-causing dioxin (二噁莢). In order not to delay the opening of the theme park, the
government plans to carry out the treatment work at To Kau Wan. The transportation and burning
of the toxic soil are potentially risky to the environment and human health.
Discussion on how to achieve sustainable development
(Answer varies with Ss.)
STS connection 6.5 Our responsibility in protecting the environment
(Bk 1, p.94)
Task
1
(Answer varies with Ss.) Avoid using disposable materials such as tissue paper and paper cups.
Rent or borrow items which are not used very often. Choose the products with the least
packaging.
2
(Answer varies with Ss.)
 Oxford University Press 2005
Page 2 / 4
Certificate Biology - New Mastering Basic Concepts
Activity 6.1
Suggested answers to Activity Books Ch 6
Cleaning up of dirty water
(Bk 1, p.95)
Task
1
One is clean, clear and contains no pollutants. The other is dirty and contains suspended solids.
2
(Answer depends on the liquid given.)
3
From the toilets, bathrooms or kitchens.
4
This will pollute the water. Sewage contains a lot of nutrients which promote the growth of algae
and bacteria in the water. They may use up the dissolved oxygen. The bacteria also produce toxic
substances as they grow. Sunlight is blocked by the suspended solids in the sewage and cannot
reach the aquatic plants. Thus, animals and plants in the water may die.
5
Sewage treatment which includes sedimentation, decomposition and fermentation.
Exercise 6
(Bk 1, p.97)
Multiple-choice questions
1
D
2
B
3
B
4
D
7
B
8
A
9
D
10
B
5
D
6
D
(Bk 1, p.98)
Structured questions
1
a
X: Oxides of nitrogen / Oxides of sulphur (1m); Y: Oxides of sulphur / Oxides of nitrogen
(1m); Z: Acid rain (1m)
b
The blue litmus paper would turn from blue to red. (1m)
c
i
The high acidity of the pond water will kill the organisms in the pond. (1m)
ii
Buildings containing carbonates will be corroded. (1m)
d
Use fuels that are free of sulphur, e.g. liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). (1m)
Control exhaust fumes from factories, power plants and vehicles. (1m)
e
They cause irritation to our respiratory system / eyes. (1m)
(Bk 1, p.99)
2
a
The level of dissolved oxygen at B is lower than that at A. (1m)
It is because the discharged waste contains large amount of nutrients, which promote the
growth of decomposing bacteria in the river (0.5m). A lot of oxygen is used up at B (0.5m).
The phosphate content at B is higher than that at A. (1m)
It is because the organic waste contains a lot of fertilizers (0.5m), which are rich in
phosphate (0.5m).
b
Algal bloom / red tide occurs (1m). It is because the organic waste is rich in phosphate
which promotes the growth of algae (1m).
c
screening and filtering  sedimentation  decomposition  fermentation (0.5m each)
 Oxford University Press 2005
Page 3 / 4
Certificate Biology - New Mastering Basic Concepts
Suggested answers to Activity Books Ch 6
(Bk 1, p.100)
3
a
Deforestation means over-exploitation of woodlands / forest. (1m)
The great demand for timbers in construction and furniture making (1m) and land for
agriculture (1m) are the main causes.
b
Deforestation also results in soil erosion (1m) and an increase in atmospheric carbon
dioxide concentration in the forest region (1m).
c
Bamboos grow faster than trees. They can be renewed at a faster rate. (1m)
d
Set up legislation to restrict deforestation / Restore the habitat of giant pandas / Conduct
conservation researches on giant panda’s life history / Set up conservation parks for giant
pandas to live and mate (Any 2, 1m each)
 Oxford University Press 2005
Page 4 / 4