Download Early Presidents to Civil War

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Early History to Reconstruction
Ventriglia
Regents Review HW #3
Early History to Reconstruction
Early Presidents: Foreign and Domestic policies
Washington’s Farewell Address
No entangling military alliances, geography (Atlantic Ocean) support precedent
(Commercial ties are okay)
Political Parties formation
Formed b/c interpretation of the Constitution (Loose vs. strict)
Hamilton’s financial plan
Supports manufacturing over agriculture, Creates sound economic policy,
gradually pay off nation’s debt
Marshall Court
Strengthen the national government
Marbury v. Madison (1803)
Established judicial review
Thomas Jefferson and Louisiana Purchase
Modified belief in strict interpretation, Doubles size of United States
Monroe Doctrine
Prevent further European colonization of Western Hemisphere
Manifest Destiny
Expansion westward, acquisition of land
Debate over expansion of slavery, Mexican
Cession (war), Oregon (compromise), Gadsden Purchase (bought)
Women’s Right to Vote (Suffrage)
Seneca Falls Convention, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucretia Mott, Susan B.
Anthony
Practice Questions: Early History to Reconstruction
1. Which of the following is a theme in U.S. Foreign Policy that begins with
President George Washington?
a. First Strike
b. Never Strike
c. Loyalty
d. Neutrality
2. The political views of the Federalist and the Democratic-Republicans differ in the
sense that the Federalist supported a _______________________, and the
Democratic-Republicans supported a _____________ interpretation of the
constitution.
a. Strict, loose
b. Federalist, Anti-Federalist
c. Loose, Strict
d. Favorable, Unfavorable
3. President John Adams appointed Supreme Court judges, also known as
Midnight Judges, before the end of his term. Adams appointed these judges in an
attempt to
a. Secure Democratic-Republicans strength in the Judicial Branch
b. Strengthen the National government
c. Secure Federalist strength in the Judicial Branch
d. Win another term in the White House
4. Thomas Jefferson acquired the land west of the Mississippi river for the United
States from the French. The acquisition of this land is known as the
a. Manifest Destiny
b. Colonialism
c. The Jeffersonian Expansion
d. The Louisiana Purchase
5. The Missouri Compromise not only declared Missouri a slave state and Maine a
free state but also
a. Freed slaves in the North
b. Allowed government revenues to profit from the slave trade
c. Bars slavery west and north of Missouri forever
d. Allowed slavery to spread into Canada
6. The big idea of the Monroe Doctrine is that the Monroe Doctrine
a. Established trade with Spain
b. Declared was on France
c. Stated the America are free from future European colonization and
interference
d. Gained the U.S. Florida
7. The Declaration of Sentiments from the Seneca Falls Convention of 1848
proclaimed that
a. the abolition of slavery was necessary
b. all men and women are created equal
c. California should be admitted as a free state
d. the sale of alcoholic beverages should be illegal
CAUSES of the Civil War
Kansas Nebraska Act
Nullifies the Missouri Compromise
State will exercise popular sovereignty whether or not to allow slavery
Bleeding Kansas
Fights break out amongst settlers about the issue
Disintegration of the Whig Party
Supports high tariffs to protect business, Nat’l Bank, and internal improvements.
Supporters in the north and south  no stand on slavery
Soon the party will divide over slavery
Northern followers  Know –Nothing Party
Replaced by Republicans
Rise of the Republican Party
Keep slavery out of the west
Enact high tariffs to protect business
Build transcontinental railroad
From north and west  anti-slavery
Abe Lincoln and Southern Succession
Pol beliefs – no slavery, high tariffs, and internal improvements (rep)
Lincoln – Douglas Debate
“A House Divided Cannot Stand Amongst Itself!”
Lincoln loses Senatorial election but becomes well known
Election of 1860
Rep  Lincoln
Dem  Douglas
Lincoln wins with 40% of votes  from the heavy populated north 
south doesn’t like this
Southern Succession – Why did the south succeed?
-Cultural and Economic Differences
South needs slavery
North needs tariffs
Both don’t want the other
-Regional Loyalty – Nationalism
-Southern belief in easy victory – the northern needs for cotton would prevent
the north from going to war
-Events related to slavery
Uncle Toms Cabin  book about slavery
Dred Scott Decision  Free slaves cannot sue the gov’t (not citizens), Slaves
in free territory are still slaves (property), Missouri Compromise in
Unconstitutional b/c denies slaves owners their property
Harpers Ferry – failed slave rebellion
-Crittenden Proposal  attempted compromise of federal protected slavery
below 36 30. (Lincoln rejected)
Fort Sumter  Fort Sumter was held by US forces (S.C.), the south believed they
should leave. Lincoln disagreed and sent troops and supplies to the fort.
Southern guns fired on the fort and the Civil War began
Practice Questions: Causes of the Civil War
1. "Compromise Enables Maine and Missouri To Enter Union" (1820)
"California Admitted to Union as Free State" (1850)
"Kansas-Nebraska Act Sets Up Popular Sovereignty" (1854)
Which issue is reflected in these headlines?
a. Enactment of protective tariffs
b. Extension of slavery
c. Voting rights for minorities
d. Universal public education
2. One way that “Bleeding Kansas,” the Dred Scott decision, and John
Brown’s raid on Harper’s Ferry had a similar effect on the United States
was that these events
a. ended conflict over slavery in the territories
b. eased tensions between the North and the South
c. contributed to the formation of the Whig Party
d. made sectional compromise more difficult
3. The Homestead Act of 1862 helped the development of the West by
a. providing free land to settlers
b. granting land for construction of transcontinental railroads
c. allowing slavery to spread to the territories
d. placing Native American Indians on reservations
4. Which problem did the Missouri Compromise, the Compromise of 1850,
and the Kansas-Nebraska Act attempt to solve?
a. extension of slavery into the western territories
b. equitable distribution of frontier lands to the owners of small farms
c. placement of protective tariffs on foreign imports
d. need for internal improvements in transportation
The Civil War
Civil War
Sectionalism
different economies, states’ rights
Popular Sovereignty
people decide slavery issue in territories
Northern Advantages
population, war supplies, industry, RRs
“House Divided Speech”
slavery expansion is cause of war
Republican platform
no extension of slavery
Lincoln’s primary war aim
preservation of the Union
Emancipation Proclamation
frees slaves in rebel territory only
Homestead Act (1862)
free land out west, farms on Great Plains
Pacific Railroad Act (1862)
encourage settlement, promote expansion
______________________________________________________________________________
Practice Questions: Civil War
1. Which statement best explains President Abraham Lincoln’s justification for the
Civil War?
a. As an abolitionist, President Lincoln wanted to end slavery in the United
States
b. President Lincoln wanted to keep the South economically dependent on
the industrial north.
c. President Lincoln’s oath of office required him to defend and preserve the
Union
d. To keep the support of Great Britain and France, President Lincoln had to
try to end slavery immediately
2. Sectional differences developed in the United States largely because
a.
b.
c.
d.
the Federal Government adopted a policy of neutrality
economic conditions and interests in each region varied
only northerners were represented at the Constitutional Convention
early Presidents favored urban areas over rural areas
3. Lincoln suspended _________________to deal with dissent in the Union and the
help the Union win the war.
a. Voting rights of freed African Americans
b. Harsh sentences for draft rioters
c. Conscription of men over 35 years of age
d. The writs of Habeas Corpus
Reconstruction
Results
13th, 14th, 15th Amendments (pol), federal supremacy over the states (pol),
Freedman’s Bureau, Black Codes (harsh treatment), Jim Crow Laws (soc)
Presidents’ Plan
Easily readmitting the south, 10% plan
Congressional Plan
Harsh treatment of conquered territory,
Radical Reconstruction, military occupation,
14th Amendment, Freedman’s Bureau
New South
More industrial economy in South
Solid South
Consistently democratic South
Sharecropping
Economic dependence for former slaves,
cycle of debt, tenant farming
The West
Homestead Act
Encourage settlement of west on farms
Farmers
Technological advances increase output
Indian Policy – Dawes Act
reservations, assimilation onto farms
Populists
regulation of railroads, leads to
Progressives, aid the farmer, Granger cases
The Lives of African Americans (former slaves) - denied civil rights in South
W.E.B DuBois - Immediate equality for blacks
Booker T. Washington
Focus on achieving respect before rights
Gradually achieving rights for blacks
Plessy v. Ferguson
Constitutional to have separate but equal
Jim Crow Laws okay, equal protection?
______________________________________________________________________________
Practice Questions: Reconstruction Era and the West
1. What two issues lay at the heart of Reconstruction?:
a. Whether the federal or state government was ultimately sovereign, and
whether Africa-Americans or Native Americans were the most oppressed
minority group.
b. Which party would gain the ascendance, and how the government could
regulate the economy?
c. the future of political and economic power for freed slaves, and the future
of North-South economic and political relations
d. rebuilding the North's shattered economy and restoring the South's
shattered society
2. No one can be kept from voting because of race, color, or former slave statues,
according to the
a. Black Codes
b. Jim Crow Laws
c. 14th Amendment
d. 15th Amendment
3. The Jim Crow Laws of the Post-Civil War era were an attempt by
a. the Federal Government to improve the status of African Americans and
Native American Indians
b. state and local governments to restrict the freedoms of African Americans
c. states to ban organizations such as the Ku Klux Klan
d. the Radical Republicans in Congress to carry out Reconstruction plans
4. After the passage of the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments, African Americans
continued to experience political and economic oppression mainly because
a. the amendments were not intended to solve their problems
b. many African Americans distrusted the Federal Government
c. Southern legislatures enacted Jim Crow laws
d. poor communications kept people from learning about their legal rights
5. The institution of slavery was formally abolished in the U.S. by the
a. Compromise of 1850
b. Emancipation Proclamation of 1863
c. Creation of Freedman’s Bureau
d. Ratification of the 13th amendment
6. The poll tax, the literacy test, and the actions of the Ku Klux Klan were all
attempts to limit the effectiveness of
a. The 14th and 15th Amendment
b. the Supreme Court’s decision in Brown v. Board of Education
c. civil rights legislation passed in all states after the Civil War
d. immigration laws such as the Gentleman’s Agreement and the Chinese
Exclusion Act