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Name:__________________________ Early History to Reconstruction Ventriglia Regents Review HW #3 Early History to Reconstruction Early Presidents: Foreign and Domestic policies Washington’s Farewell Address No entangling military alliances, geography (Atlantic Ocean) support precedent (Commercial ties are okay) Political Parties formation Formed b/c interpretation of the Constitution (Loose vs. strict) Hamilton’s financial plan Supports manufacturing over agriculture, Creates sound economic policy, gradually pay off nation’s debt Marshall Court Strengthen the national government Marbury v. Madison (1803) Established judicial review Thomas Jefferson and Louisiana Purchase Modified belief in strict interpretation, Doubles size of United States Monroe Doctrine Prevent further European colonization of Western Hemisphere Manifest Destiny Expansion westward, acquisition of land Debate over expansion of slavery, Mexican Cession (war), Oregon (compromise), Gadsden Purchase (bought) Women’s Right to Vote (Suffrage) Seneca Falls Convention, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucretia Mott, Susan B. Anthony Practice Questions: Early History to Reconstruction 1. Which of the following is a theme in U.S. Foreign Policy that begins with President George Washington? a. First Strike b. Never Strike c. Loyalty d. Neutrality 2. The political views of the Federalist and the Democratic-Republicans differ in the sense that the Federalist supported a _______________________, and the Democratic-Republicans supported a _____________ interpretation of the constitution. a. Strict, loose b. Federalist, Anti-Federalist c. Loose, Strict d. Favorable, Unfavorable 3. President John Adams appointed Supreme Court judges, also known as Midnight Judges, before the end of his term. Adams appointed these judges in an attempt to a. Secure Democratic-Republicans strength in the Judicial Branch b. Strengthen the National government c. Secure Federalist strength in the Judicial Branch d. Win another term in the White House 4. Thomas Jefferson acquired the land west of the Mississippi river for the United States from the French. The acquisition of this land is known as the a. Manifest Destiny b. Colonialism c. The Jeffersonian Expansion d. The Louisiana Purchase 5. The Missouri Compromise not only declared Missouri a slave state and Maine a free state but also a. Freed slaves in the North b. Allowed government revenues to profit from the slave trade c. Bars slavery west and north of Missouri forever d. Allowed slavery to spread into Canada 6. The big idea of the Monroe Doctrine is that the Monroe Doctrine a. Established trade with Spain b. Declared was on France c. Stated the America are free from future European colonization and interference d. Gained the U.S. Florida 7. The Declaration of Sentiments from the Seneca Falls Convention of 1848 proclaimed that a. the abolition of slavery was necessary b. all men and women are created equal c. California should be admitted as a free state d. the sale of alcoholic beverages should be illegal CAUSES of the Civil War Kansas Nebraska Act Nullifies the Missouri Compromise State will exercise popular sovereignty whether or not to allow slavery Bleeding Kansas Fights break out amongst settlers about the issue Disintegration of the Whig Party Supports high tariffs to protect business, Nat’l Bank, and internal improvements. Supporters in the north and south no stand on slavery Soon the party will divide over slavery Northern followers Know –Nothing Party Replaced by Republicans Rise of the Republican Party Keep slavery out of the west Enact high tariffs to protect business Build transcontinental railroad From north and west anti-slavery Abe Lincoln and Southern Succession Pol beliefs – no slavery, high tariffs, and internal improvements (rep) Lincoln – Douglas Debate “A House Divided Cannot Stand Amongst Itself!” Lincoln loses Senatorial election but becomes well known Election of 1860 Rep Lincoln Dem Douglas Lincoln wins with 40% of votes from the heavy populated north south doesn’t like this Southern Succession – Why did the south succeed? -Cultural and Economic Differences South needs slavery North needs tariffs Both don’t want the other -Regional Loyalty – Nationalism -Southern belief in easy victory – the northern needs for cotton would prevent the north from going to war -Events related to slavery Uncle Toms Cabin book about slavery Dred Scott Decision Free slaves cannot sue the gov’t (not citizens), Slaves in free territory are still slaves (property), Missouri Compromise in Unconstitutional b/c denies slaves owners their property Harpers Ferry – failed slave rebellion -Crittenden Proposal attempted compromise of federal protected slavery below 36 30. (Lincoln rejected) Fort Sumter Fort Sumter was held by US forces (S.C.), the south believed they should leave. Lincoln disagreed and sent troops and supplies to the fort. Southern guns fired on the fort and the Civil War began Practice Questions: Causes of the Civil War 1. "Compromise Enables Maine and Missouri To Enter Union" (1820) "California Admitted to Union as Free State" (1850) "Kansas-Nebraska Act Sets Up Popular Sovereignty" (1854) Which issue is reflected in these headlines? a. Enactment of protective tariffs b. Extension of slavery c. Voting rights for minorities d. Universal public education 2. One way that “Bleeding Kansas,” the Dred Scott decision, and John Brown’s raid on Harper’s Ferry had a similar effect on the United States was that these events a. ended conflict over slavery in the territories b. eased tensions between the North and the South c. contributed to the formation of the Whig Party d. made sectional compromise more difficult 3. The Homestead Act of 1862 helped the development of the West by a. providing free land to settlers b. granting land for construction of transcontinental railroads c. allowing slavery to spread to the territories d. placing Native American Indians on reservations 4. Which problem did the Missouri Compromise, the Compromise of 1850, and the Kansas-Nebraska Act attempt to solve? a. extension of slavery into the western territories b. equitable distribution of frontier lands to the owners of small farms c. placement of protective tariffs on foreign imports d. need for internal improvements in transportation The Civil War Civil War Sectionalism different economies, states’ rights Popular Sovereignty people decide slavery issue in territories Northern Advantages population, war supplies, industry, RRs “House Divided Speech” slavery expansion is cause of war Republican platform no extension of slavery Lincoln’s primary war aim preservation of the Union Emancipation Proclamation frees slaves in rebel territory only Homestead Act (1862) free land out west, farms on Great Plains Pacific Railroad Act (1862) encourage settlement, promote expansion ______________________________________________________________________________ Practice Questions: Civil War 1. Which statement best explains President Abraham Lincoln’s justification for the Civil War? a. As an abolitionist, President Lincoln wanted to end slavery in the United States b. President Lincoln wanted to keep the South economically dependent on the industrial north. c. President Lincoln’s oath of office required him to defend and preserve the Union d. To keep the support of Great Britain and France, President Lincoln had to try to end slavery immediately 2. Sectional differences developed in the United States largely because a. b. c. d. the Federal Government adopted a policy of neutrality economic conditions and interests in each region varied only northerners were represented at the Constitutional Convention early Presidents favored urban areas over rural areas 3. Lincoln suspended _________________to deal with dissent in the Union and the help the Union win the war. a. Voting rights of freed African Americans b. Harsh sentences for draft rioters c. Conscription of men over 35 years of age d. The writs of Habeas Corpus Reconstruction Results 13th, 14th, 15th Amendments (pol), federal supremacy over the states (pol), Freedman’s Bureau, Black Codes (harsh treatment), Jim Crow Laws (soc) Presidents’ Plan Easily readmitting the south, 10% plan Congressional Plan Harsh treatment of conquered territory, Radical Reconstruction, military occupation, 14th Amendment, Freedman’s Bureau New South More industrial economy in South Solid South Consistently democratic South Sharecropping Economic dependence for former slaves, cycle of debt, tenant farming The West Homestead Act Encourage settlement of west on farms Farmers Technological advances increase output Indian Policy – Dawes Act reservations, assimilation onto farms Populists regulation of railroads, leads to Progressives, aid the farmer, Granger cases The Lives of African Americans (former slaves) - denied civil rights in South W.E.B DuBois - Immediate equality for blacks Booker T. Washington Focus on achieving respect before rights Gradually achieving rights for blacks Plessy v. Ferguson Constitutional to have separate but equal Jim Crow Laws okay, equal protection? ______________________________________________________________________________ Practice Questions: Reconstruction Era and the West 1. What two issues lay at the heart of Reconstruction?: a. Whether the federal or state government was ultimately sovereign, and whether Africa-Americans or Native Americans were the most oppressed minority group. b. Which party would gain the ascendance, and how the government could regulate the economy? c. the future of political and economic power for freed slaves, and the future of North-South economic and political relations d. rebuilding the North's shattered economy and restoring the South's shattered society 2. No one can be kept from voting because of race, color, or former slave statues, according to the a. Black Codes b. Jim Crow Laws c. 14th Amendment d. 15th Amendment 3. The Jim Crow Laws of the Post-Civil War era were an attempt by a. the Federal Government to improve the status of African Americans and Native American Indians b. state and local governments to restrict the freedoms of African Americans c. states to ban organizations such as the Ku Klux Klan d. the Radical Republicans in Congress to carry out Reconstruction plans 4. After the passage of the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments, African Americans continued to experience political and economic oppression mainly because a. the amendments were not intended to solve their problems b. many African Americans distrusted the Federal Government c. Southern legislatures enacted Jim Crow laws d. poor communications kept people from learning about their legal rights 5. The institution of slavery was formally abolished in the U.S. by the a. Compromise of 1850 b. Emancipation Proclamation of 1863 c. Creation of Freedman’s Bureau d. Ratification of the 13th amendment 6. The poll tax, the literacy test, and the actions of the Ku Klux Klan were all attempts to limit the effectiveness of a. The 14th and 15th Amendment b. the Supreme Court’s decision in Brown v. Board of Education c. civil rights legislation passed in all states after the Civil War d. immigration laws such as the Gentleman’s Agreement and the Chinese Exclusion Act