Download Chemistry

Science Exam Review
Gr. 9 Academic
Written Exam Date: Wednesday, June 18th, 2014
Time: 8:30 a.m.
Location: Rm. 117
Bring your textbook!!!
Study Tips:
These hints are intended to help you develop effective study skills. Following these criteria is NOT a guarantee that you will
do well on the exam since you are still responsible for learning the material!

Start EARLY. You cannot study for this exam in a day. Begin studying a week before the exam with small
increments of information a day. Study one unit the first night, the 2nd unit the 2nd night, etc.

Review what you studied the day before, before starting into new study material.

Pull out the big ideas from each unit (most important concepts). Write these down on a piece of paper and then
break down these into more detail. ex: chemistry – 1) All matter has different physical & chemical properties.
Break down this example using the following ideas: What is matter? How do we classify matter (e.g., pure
substances & mixtures, …)? What are physical properties of matter? What are some examples? What are
chemical properties? What are some examples?

Your notes, quizzes, unit reviews, tests, and exam review are your best resources for info. Supplement them with
your text as a secondary source of information…unless otherwise indicated by your teacher.

Quiz yourself as you study either on your own or with someone else.

Always study in a quiet place without distractions.

Take breaks when studying for long periods of time (usually 5-10 minutes for each hour of study).

Sleep well and maintain the same caffeine & sugar intake. Don’t increase or decrease the amount of coffee, tea or
cola that you normally drink or candy/sweets as your body and brain are accustomed to getting a certain amount.

Quiz yourself using this review sheet… writing down answers may help you to retain key concepts.

Teach your brother or sister, mom or dad, aunt or uncle, etc. the material you’re studying. Teaching someone is the
best way to truly know that you understand the material!

Avoid cramming the night before. You want to build confidence by reinforcing what you know rather than running
the risk of scaring yourself by discovering there are things that you don’t know! Besides, the chances of you going
blank are higher if you cram… if you study earlier, chances are you’ll retain more info and for a longer time period.
Breakdown of the Exam
Part A: Multiple Choice
Knowledge & Understanding
60 marks
Part B: Short Answer
Thinking & Investigation, Communication, Application
80 marks
Inquiry Skills
Definitions:
Measurement, quantitative, qualitative, precision, accuracy
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
What is the (SI) base unit of the following measurements?
a) distance
d) mass
g) current
b) time
e) energy (2 possible answers)
h) resistance
c) volume
f) potential difference
i) electric power
Convert the following measurements. a) 3.4 A to mA
c) 876 J to kJ
b) 4360 mg to kg
d) 0.0052 MW to W
Name 4 rules to help you determine the number of significant figures/digits that your final answer should have.
How many significant figures are in the measurements a) – d) above?
Put you answers from 1) into scientific notation. Use significant figures!
How many seconds are in the following? a) 2 min
b) 4.25 min
c) 6.5 min
d) 45 min
e) 1.5 h
Chemistry
Definitions:
Matter, pure substance, element, compound, mixture, solution, mechanical mixture, physical property, density, chemical
property, physical change, chemical change, atom, atomic number, mass number, ion, isotope, combining capacity,
reactant, product, combustion, corrosion
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
Compare and contrast HHPS and WHMIS. Be able to identify all the standard symbols for each.
Sketch an Erlenmeyer flask, a Bunsen burner, a graduated cylinder, a test tube, a test tube rack, tongs, a beaker, wire
mesh, a retort stand, a flint or igniter, a pipette, and a scale (or locate them all in the classroom).
Show how matter is classified by using a flow chart. Include at least two examples for each classification of matter.
Give 4 examples of physical properties and 4 examples of chemical properties. How are they different?
Give 4 signs that physical change has taken place, and 5 signs that chemical change has taken place. What is the biggest
difference?
Give 2 examples of physical change and 2 examples of chemical change.
Explain to a friend how to measure the density of:
a) a liquid
b) a regularly-shaped solid
c) an irregularly-shaped solid
What is the density of an object that displaces 12 mL of water and has a mass of 26.1 g?
What is the mass of a rubber ball if its density is 0.63 g/cm3 and it has a volume of 8 cm3?
What is the volume of a liquid whose density is 11.3 g/cm3 and it measures 79 g on a scale?
What is the fire triangle?
Compare and contrast combustion and corrosion.
a) What happens if a BBQ doesn’t have enough fresh air?
b) What is this process called?
What are 3 ways you can prevent corrosion?
Which 3 tiny particles make up an atom? Describe their charge, location and relative mass within the atom.
What is the particle theory of matter? Give an example.
Discuss how the concept of the atom has evolved, from Democritus to Chadwick.
What is the goal of every atom? How does an atom achieve this?
If an atom loses 3 electrons, does it become positively or negatively-charged? Why?
Label the 7 element groups (6 + hydrogen) you learned on the Periodic Table and give two distinguishing characteristics
of each group.
How were the elements on the Periodic Table ordered? Describe some of the features used to distinguish between the
various element groups.
22. a) What is an isotope?
b) Name 2 uses for isotopes.
c) Give 2 examples of isotopes.
23. Give 4 ways that metals are different from non-metals.
24. Use your Periodic Table to complete the table below.
Chemical
Name
Chemical
Symbol
Atomic
Number
Lithium
Atomic
Mass
Protons
7
3
Electrons
Neutrons
12
12
Mg
17
36
Standard
Atomic
Notation
Lewis Dot
Diagram
19
25. Draw Bohr-Rutherford diagrams of the elements above, their atom and their ion.
26. For the following compounds state the elements in the molecule and the number of atoms of each element.
a) KNO3
b) C6H12O6
c) NaOH
27. Using the combining capacities below, name and give the formula for the compounds made between:
a) Li and S
b) I and Mg
c) O and Al
d) K and N
K – 1+
Li – 1+
Mg – 2+
Ca – 2+
Al – 3+
N – 3-
O – 2S – 2-
F – 1I – 1-
28. Make a T-chart to demonstrate 3 differences between ionic compounds and molecular compounds.
29. Name the following molecular compounds using the nomenclature rules you learned:
a) CO
b) H2O
c) NH3
d) H2S
30. Describe the tests you would perform to identify the presence of H2, O2, and CO2 gases.
Need extra study questions? Consult you textbook, p. 134-135, 175-176, 216-217, 254-255, 260-262.
Space
Definitions:
Star, constellation, light year, astronomical unit, planetary moon, lunar eclipse, solar eclipse, tides, planets, solar system,
Sun, nuclear fusion, solar flares, aurora, solar winds, terrestrial planets (4), gas giants (4), comet, asteroid, asteroid belt,
Kuiper belt, meteoroid, meteor, meteorite, nebula, protostar, planetesimals, electromagnetic radiation, spectroscope, red
giant, red supergiant, supernova, white dwarf, black dwarf, neutron star, black hole, galaxy, galaxy shapes (4), the
Doppler Effect, redshifted, blueshifted, Big Bang theory, Big Bang, cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation,
telescope, orbiter, lander, satellite (artificial), the ISS, space junk, space technology spinoffs
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
a) How far is an astronomical unit compared to a light year?
b) What are both a measurement of?
a) List the eight planets, in order, from nearest to furthest distance from the Sun.
b) List 3 distinguishing characteristics for each planet (i.e. # of moons, atmosphere, relative size to Earth, etc.)
a) What other objects are found in the night sky?
b) How are they similar?
c) How are they different?
a) Where is the asteroid belt located?
b) How about the Kuiper belt?
Explain how the Sun generates energy, and describe how the Sun is responsible for life on Earth.
Identify 2 features of the Sun that cause 2 different but unusual phenomena on Earth.
Name 7 types of waves (energy) found within the electromagnetic spectrum.
What do the colour and the spectral lines of a star tell us?
a) How is a red supergiant different than a blue dwarf?
b) What colour is our central star?
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
What is our star like in terms of size and temperature compared to other stars?
Name the apparatus used to detect the spectral lines of a star.
What is the difference between the apparent magnitude and the absolute magnitude of a star?
In terms of the life ‘cycle’ of a star:
a) What is the difference between a small/medium-sized star and a large star?
b) What is a possible order of events in the evolution of large stars?
c) Of extremely large stars?
Create a T-chart to illustrate how a star and a planet are similar in some ways and different in others.
a) What is a constellation?
b) What is the proper name for the star that is always points towards north in our hemisphere?
c) Name and draw 3 constellations that are found at all times of year in our night sky (northern hemisphere).
d) Teach someone how to use the star map we built in class. Quiz them as to which constellations can be found along
the southern horizon at 10 pm tonight.
a) What is a galaxy?
b) What is the name of the galaxy that our solar system is a part of?
a) What are the 4 shapes of galaxies?
b) What shape of galaxy is the one we’re located in?
a) How old is our universe (we think)?
b) How old is the Earth and the rest of our solar system (we think)?
a) What is the Big Bang theory?
b) What evidence do scientists have to support it?
Describe the events that scientists think occurred to create our solar system.
a) Teach someone 4 interesting things about Earth’s moon.
b) What is its rotation and revolution period around the Earth? Give a quantitative measurement.
c) Why do we only see one side of the moon at all times?
What are the phases of the moon? Be sure to know waxing, waning, crescent, gibbous, new moon, and full moon.
How does the moon affect tides on Earth?
a) What is our calendar based on?
b) Why do we have a leap year every once in a while?
c) How often exactly do we have a leap year?
What causes the seasons in the Northern and Southern hemispheres?
a) What are the 2 types of eclipses?
b) Explain what happens during each (i.e. which celestial body gets in the path of the other, causing an eclipse).
a) Name 3 instruments that astronomers and scientists use to explore the night sky and the universe.
b) Describe features that distinguish between each.
a) What is the Large Hadron Collider?
b) What is it used for?
c) Where is it located?
a) What is the ISS?
b) Name 3 reasons why it is so darn cool.
Discuss 5 pieces of technology that were designed for space exploration but now have been adapted to use here on Earth
(aka a space spinoff). Be sure to include what these spinoffs are now used for on Earth.
Need extra study questions? Consult you textbook, p. 312-313, 356-357, 386-387, 392-394.
Electricity
Definitions:
Insulator, conductor, semiconductor, friction, induction, energy source, electrical load, electrochemical (voltaic) cell,
potential difference, electric current, DC, AC, electrical resistance, electric power, Kirchhoff’s Laws, phantom load
What part of the atom do we study in this unit?
1. Compare and contrast insulators and conductors.
2. What are 3 Laws of Electric Charges?
3. a) How does a neutral object become positively charged?
b) How does a neutral object become negatively charged?
4. What are 3 ways to charge an object? Explain each and give an example.
5. Explain how charging by friction and contact are similar and but charging by contact and induction are different.
6. a) When an ebonite rod is charged with a piece of fur and brought close to a metal leaf electroscope, what happens?
b) The charged rod is kept close to the electroscope but you ground the electroscope with your finger and then remove
it. What charge does the electroscope end up with? Explain how this happens.
7. What charge would each material have in the question above?
8. Why is it easier to tell if two objects have like charges than if they have opposite charges?
9. What are 3 ways to discharge an object? Explain each and give an example.
10. Draw in the charges on the objects in the drawing to the right.
11. Given what you know about static electricity, describe what is happening in the drawing.
+
12. a) Name some devices that function based on the principles of electrostatics.
b) What type of charging do most devices use?
13. How do fabric softeners like liquid softener and dryer sheets prevent static cling?
14. Why do we get shocks in the winter more often than in the summer?
15. a) What is the difference between a primary and secondary electrochemical cell?
b) Give an example as to where each is used.
16. a) What are the 4 components of an electric circuit?
b) What is the purpose of each?
c) Give at least 1 example of each component.
17. Name 3 forms of energy that an electrical load can convert electrical energy to.
18. Draw and label all the electricity circuit symbols that you learned this semester.
19. a) Draw a schematic diagram showing 2 cells connected in series, which are connected to 2 bulbs connected in parallel
and a switch close to the positive terminal of the outermost cell.
b) Show where an ammeter and a voltmeter would be placed to measure current and potential difference respectively.
Remember, we’re most interested in the V across the load, not the source.
20. Draw a schematic diagram of 3 cells in series, a motor and a resistor connected in parallel, and switch to control the
motor only.
21. a) How are DC and AC similar?
b) How are they different?
c) Give 2 examples of loads that function by DC and 2 for AC.
22. A television draws 1.13 A from a 120 V source. How much resistance is flowing through this circuit?
23. What is the current flowing through a flashlight that has three 1.5 V cells connected in series and a resistance of 3.2 Ω?
24. Calculate the potential difference of a clothes dryer with a current of 20 A and a resistance of 12 Ω.
25. a) What type of plug would the dryer in the question above need to support that amount of voltage?
b) What is the potential difference supplied by a typical wall outlet plug?
26. What is the electric power of a toaster that uses 52 000 J of energy in 1.5 min?
27. Calculate the power of a computer that uses 0.450 kW-h of energy in 45 minutes (Hint: convert to hours).
28. If a 100W light bulb is left on for a day, how much electric energy does it use? (Hint: convert P to kWh)
29. Name 4 factors that affect the resistance in an electric circuit.
30. How efficient is a fridge that uses 1080 W of electric power to generate 765 W of useful power to clean the dishes?
31. Use a T-chart to compare and contrast static and current electricity.
32. Complete the table below to differentiate between the various electrical measurements. Both power and time can have 2
units (e.g., power can be measured in W or kW, depending on what you’re calculating)
Measurement
Symbol
Definition
Measured
in
SI
Unit
Potential Difference
Electric Current
Electrical Resistance
Electrical Energy
Electric Power
Time
Electrical Energy used
33. a) What is Ohm’s Law?
b) If you add more cells to a circuit in series and keep resistance the same, what will happen to the current?
c) If you increase the resistance in a circuit by adding loads in series and keep the potential difference the same, what
will happen to the current?
34. In which situation does resistance increases more rapidly: in a parallel or a series circuit? Explain.
35. a) Discuss the pros and cons of using a parallel circuit to a series circuit.
b) Describe the benefits to wiring your house in parallel vs. in series.
c) Give an example where it is more beneficial to use a series circuit rather than a parallel circuit,
and vice versa.
36. What is the biggest factor in electrical safety in your home?
37. a) List 4 safety devices found in your home that can break the flow of electrons traveling through a circuit.
b) How does each one work?
38. What are 3 things you should do and 3 things you shouldn’t do when it comes to electrical safety
in and around your house?
39. How much current can kill a human being?
40. Name 6 ways that your parents can save money on their next electricity bill using strategies you
learned about in class.
41. How is electrical energy generated at a power plant?
42. How does electrical energy from a power generating station get to your home?
43. a) Compare and contrast sources of renewable and non-renewable electrical energy.
Give 3 examples of each.
b) Which category does wood fall into? Explain.
Need extra study questions? Consult you textbook, p. 432-433, 480-481, 518-519, 524-526.
Ecology
Definitions:
Ecology, ecosystem, sustainable, unsustainable, biotic, abiotic, nutrient, species, eutrophication, photosynthesis, cellular
respiration, trophic level, food chain, food web, producer, consumer, carnivore, herbivore, omnivore, decomposer,
bioaccumulation, biomagnification, biome, greenhouse gases, greenhouse effect, acid precipitation, population, limiting
factor, carrying capacity, equilibrium, exponential growth, ecological niche, predator, prey, community, symbiosis,
predation, competition, parasitism, biodiversity, habitat, invasive species, extinction, desertification, bog, watershed,
ecotourism
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
Name 5 ways that the Onceler in the story of The Lorax made the ecosystem around him
unsustainable.
List 5 biotic and 5 abiotic factors that exist in an ecosystem like The Grove.
What are the 3 main types of biotic interactions? Explain each with an example.
a) Draw a food chain for an aquatic ecosystem in the Ottawa River.
b) Identify the producer and various levels of consumers in your food chain.
c) Explain how energy is transferred up a food chain (% that the producer has and how much
transferred from one trophic level to the next).
Draw a food web that could exist in a forest in northern Ontario (boreal forest).
Which way do the arrows point in a food chain or web? Why?
Ecosystems with high biodiversity are more or less sustainable? Explain your answer.
Name 4 major threats to biodiversity. Explain how each threatens the sustainability of an ecosystem.
What are the 5 increasing levels for species that are at risk of extinction?
Name 3 biodiversity hotspots in Ontario and 3 outside Canada.
Give 5 examples of plant or animal species that have been introduced to Canada and are now invasive.
Name the 2 ways that living things use the energy available in glucose. State which is the most common method.
Compare and contrast photosynthesis and cell respiration by answering the following questions: what are the reactants
products of each process? What are the products of each process? Why are they considered to be complimentary
processes?
Why is photosynthesis so important to life on Earth?
What are the 5 main biomes in Canada? Which of the 5 has the highest biodiversity? The lowest?
Biomes combine to make up the 4 spheres on Earth. Name and define the 4 spheres.
Describe the water cycle from a cloud in the sky, back to a cloud again. Be sure to include the words precipitation,
evaporation, and condensation.
Name 3 ways carbon is added to the atmosphere and 2 ways it is removed.
a) What is the only useable form of nitrogen for plants & animals on Earth?
b) Name the 2 ways that living things are able to get the useable form of nitrogen.
c) Name the all-important organism responsible for the most common way of
converting nitrogen to its useable form.
Using the carbon/oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and water cycles, state 6 ways that
humans interfere with these cycles.
21. Use a flow chart to make the link between excess phosphorus or nitrogen in fertilizers (eutrophication) and the
destruction of a body of water like White Lake.
22. Give 4 examples of greenhouse gases.
23. Landfills release which greenhouse gas when garbage decomposes?
24. Why is acid precipitation so devastating to ecosystems?
25. What do chemicals like DDT and PCBs have to do with food webs and ecosystems?
26. Why is biomagnification an issue for us humans at the top of most food chains?
27. Sketch the 5 main types of population growth graphs.
28. Biotic potential of a species is regulated by which 4 factors?
29. Name 5 examples of limiting factors on a population of Canada geese.
30. Why don’t humans have a quantitative carrying capacity like other populations of animals like the fur seals we studied?
31. Be able to interpret XY scatter graphs and bar graphs of 2 sets of data for a predator-prey relationship.
32. Name 5 human practices/activities that threaten the sustainability of ecosystems around us.
33. What are some things humans can do to make the ecosystems they affect more sustainable? Use your notes or ideas
from Sharkwater or The Story of Stuff.
34. Why should you care about saving slimy, creepy-looking things like eels and sharks?
35. Why are bogs such important ecosystems?
36. What types of plants are often found in bogs? Why?
37. How are mutualism and parasitism different?
38. What is the human population’s carrying capacity most closely linked to?
39. Do we need to limit the human population? Explain your opinion to a classmate using what you’ve learned in this unit.
40. State 4 examples of ecosystem services that exist in a typical ecosystem.
41. Name 2 factors, biotic or abiotic, that facilitate the reproduction of producers like flowers.
42. What ecological niche do decomposers have in an ecosystem?
43. a) What is eco-tourism?
b) Give 3 examples of eco-tourism in which you could take part in Algonquin Park.
Need extra study questions? Consult you textbook, p. 44-45, 84-85, 122-123, 128-130.