Download Chapter 3 – Digestion, Absorption, and Transport Multiple Choice

Chapter 3 – Digestion, Absorption, and Transport
Multiple Choice
Questions for Section 3.1 Digestion
01.
The process by which food is broken down into absorbable components is called
a.
digestion.
b.
absorption.
c.
intestinalis.
d.
mastication.
02.
What is mastication?
a.
The act of chewing
b.
The act of swallowing
c.
The wave-like contraction of the intestines
d.
The wave-like contraction of the esophagus
03.
What is the lumen of the GI tract?
a.
The epiglottis
b.
The capillaries
c.
The inner space
d.
The mucosal surface
04.
In what organ does the digestion process begin?
a.
Mouth
b.
Stomach
c.
Duodenum
d.
Jejunum-ileum
05.
What is umami?
a.
The flavor of monosodium glutamate
b.
The opening between the duodenum and jejunum
c.
The intestinal enzyme that hydrolyzes fish proteins
d.
An intestinal enzyme that hydrolyzes dietary nucleic acids
06.
About how many more times sensitive is the sense of smell compared with the sense of taste?
a.
2
b.
10
c.
100s
d.
1,000s
Which of the following is not considered one of the basic taste sensations?
a.
Hot
b.
Sour
c.
Salty
d.
Bitter
07.
08.
The food flavor enhancer monosodium glutamate is believed by some scientists to promote a
unique taste sensation known as
a.
sushi.
b.
umami.
c.
chymos.
d.
sashimi.
09.
10.
Which of the following describes the anatomy of the gastrointestinal tract?
a.
A vat-like vessel
b.
A rigid, solid tunnel
c.
A flexible muscular tube
d.
A firm, duct-like channel
Which of the following is not a sphincter muscle?
a.
Anus
b.
Cardiac
c.
Duodenum
d.
Ileocecal valve
11.
Where is the epiglottis located?
a.
Throat
b.
Bile duct
c.
Pancreatic duct
d.
Lower esophagus
12.
What part of the GI tract prevents a person from choking while swallowing?
a.
Mouth
b.
Epiglottis
c.
Pyloric sphincter
d.
Upper esophageal sphincter
13.
What structure functions to prevent entrance of food into the trachea?
a.
Tongue
b.
Epiglottis
c.
Cardiac sphincter
d.
Trachea sphincter
14.
Which of the following is a characteristic of the appendix?
a.
It ferments fiber
b.
It stores lymph cells
c.
It slows down peristalsis
d.
It stores preformed stools
15.
What is a bolus?
a.
Enzyme that hydrolyzes starch
b.
Portion of food swallowed at one time
c.
Device used to analyze the contents of the stomach
d.
Sphincter muscle separating the stomach from the small intestine
16.
A bolus is conducted past the diaphragm through the
a.
epiglottis.
b.
stomach.
c.
esophagus.
d.
large intestine.
17.
What is one function of the pyloric sphincter?
a.
Secretes acid into the stomach
b.
Secretes hormones into the stomach
c.
Prevents the contents of the small intestine from backing up into the stomach
d.
Prevents the contents of the small intestine from emptying too quickly into the
colon
18.
What structure controls the passage of material from the small intestine to the large intestine?
a.
Pyloric valve
b.
c.
d.
Ileocecal valve
Colonic sphincter
Jejunal sphincter
19.
Into what region of the intestinal tract does the stomach empty?
a.
Ileum
b.
Cecum
c.
Jejunum
d.
Duodenum
20.
After swallowing, in what order does food pass through the regions of the GI tract?
a.
Jejunum, duodenum, colon, ileum, rectum
b.
Jejunum, ileum, duodenum, rectum, colon
c.
Stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon
d.
Stomach, jejunum, duodenum, colon, ileum
Which of the following is a description of chyme?
a.
The semisolid mass of undigested food which passes through the ileocecal valve
b.
A semiliquid mass of partially digested food released by the stomach into the
small intestine
c.
The mixture of pancreatic juices containing enzymes for digestion of the
macronutrients
d.
A thick, viscous material synthesized by mucosal cells for protection against
digestive juices
21.
22.
What is the primary function of the rectum?
a.
Controls functioning of the colon
b.
Absorbs minerals from waste materials
c.
Stores waste materials prior to evacuation
d.
Absorbs excess water from waste materials
23.
What is the name given to partially digested food in the stomach?
a.
Chyme
b.
Liquid food
c.
Gastric mucus
d.
Semiliquid mass
What structure separates the colon from the small intestine?
a.
Pylorus
b.
Ileocecal valve
c.
Gastric retainer
d.
Rectal sphincter
24.
25.
Which of the following is a feature of peristalsis?
a.
It remains quiet between meals when the GI tract is empty
b.
It occurs along the GI tract at a constant rate when food is present
c.
It involves parallel and circular muscles found in the walls of the intestines but
not the stomach
d.
It consists of wavelike muscular contractions resulting from alternate tightening
and relaxing of circular muscles and longitudinal muscles
26.
What structure controls the release of material from the stomach to the small intestine?
a.
Ileocecal valve
b.
Pyloric sphincter
c.
Diaphragmatic valve
d.
Esophageal sphincter
27.
What is meant by the term “motility” in reference to the GI tract?
a.
The efficiency of lymph transport
b.
The ability of the GI tract muscles to move
c.
The speed of gastric digestive juice release
d.
The speed of pancreatic digestive juice release
28.
During the process of digestion, at what point does the stomach begin to release chyme?
a.
When the fluid to solid ratio is 3 to 1
b.
When the chyme is liquefied
c.
Within 15 minutes of gastrin release
d.
Within 5 to 10 minutes of starting a meal
29.
Among the GI tract organs, which has the strongest muscles?
a.
Stomach
b.
Small intestine
c.
Large intestine
d.
Cardiac sphincter
30.
Which of the following is a feature of the muscular actions of digestion?
a.
Peristalsis begins first in the stomach upon the initiation of the swallowing
reflex
b.
The colon has the thickest and strongest muscles of the GI organs to withstand
the pressure of stool evacuation
c.
The jejunum has a third layer of diagonal muscles to enhance contraction and
relaxation phases for enhanced digestion
d.
Segmentation in the intestines allows periodic squeezing along its length,
resulting in momentary reversal of the movement of intestinal contents
31.
Which of the following is a function of sphincter muscles?
a.
Control peristalsis
b.
Grind large food particles
c.
Secrete digestive juices into the GI tract
d.
Control the passage of food through the GI tract
32.
The lower esophageal sphincter is also known as the
a.
reflux restrainer.
b.
cardiac sphincter.
c.
perihepatic control valve.
d.
reverse peristalsis inhibitor.
33.
What is reflux?
a.
Hard, dry, stools
b.
Backward flow of chyme
c.
Soft, poorly formed stools
d.
The mixture of bile and pancreatic juice
34.
What types of enzymes are responsible for hydrolyzing the proteins in foods?
a.
Lipases
b.
Salivases
c.
Proteases
d.
Carbohydrases
35.
All of the following are characteristics of the process of digestion except
a.
salivary glands contribute little to digestion.
b.
the pyloric sphincter opens about 3 times a minute.
c.
saliva contains enzymes that digest sugars, fats, and proteins.
d.
the liver and pancreas contribute essential fluids to the digestive process.
36.
What is the function of mucus in the stomach?
a.
Emulsifies fats
b.
Neutralizes stomach acid
c.
Activates pepsinogen to pepsin
d.
Protects stomach cells from gastric juices
37.
What is a function of hydrochloric acid in the stomach?
a.
Absorbs water
b.
Inhibits peristalsis
c.
Neutralizes the food mass
d.
Creates an optimum acidity
38.
Which of the following best describes the normal pH of the stomach?
a.
Very acidic
b.
Slightly acidic
c.
Neutral
d.
Slightly alkaline
39.
Why is there little or no digestion of starch in the stomach?
a.
Mucus inhibits starch breakdown
b.
Stomach enzymes are dysfunctional
c.
Starch should not be eaten with protein
d.
Salivary enzymes do not work in an acid environment
40.
What is the fate of any enzymes that are present in the foods we eat?
a.
Hydrolyzed in the GI tract
b.
Absorbed intact by the stomach
c.
Absorbed intact by the small intestine
d.
Passed through the GI tract and excreted in the stool
41.
What substance protects the stomach lining from damage due to digestive juices?
a.
Water
b.
Mucus
c.
Pepsinogen
d.
Dietary fats
42.
Important functions of hydrochloric acid in digestion/absorption include all the following
except
a.
it kills bacteria.
b.
it activates pancreatic lipase.
c.
it activates a proteolytic enzyme.
d.
it promotes hydrolysis of dietary protein.
43.
Which part of the GI tract contains highly acidic digestive juices?
a.
Colon
b.
Ileum
c.
Stomach
d.
Duodenum
44.
The usual pH of gastric juice is approximately
a.
2.
b.
4.
c.
6.
d.
7.
45.
46.
What is an important function of mucus?
a.
Helps solubilize bile
b.
Stabilizes pancreatic enzymes
c.
Enhances absorption of vitamin B12
d.
Protects the stomach walls from digestion
After chewing and swallowing a portion of food, what becomes of the salivary amylase in the
stomach?
a.
It is inactivated by gastric juice
b.
It continues to hydrolyze starches
c.
It binds to pepsin and catalyzes proteolytic activity
d.
It passes into the duodenum where the alkaline pH stimulates carbohydrase
activity
47.
Your cousin Miguel is extolling the virtues of his new dietary supplement. He says that it
contains enzymes that will make him healthier, and he asks for your opinion. You assure
him that the enzymes
a.
will increase the digestibility of the foods he eats.
b.
could likely interfere with the enzymes secreted by his pancreas.
c.
could likely overload his gastrointestinal tract and lead to diarrhea.
d.
are proteins and proteins are destroyed in the gastrointestinal tract.
48.
Which of the following body organs does not secrete digestive enzymes?
a.
Liver
b.
Stomach
c.
Pancreas
d.
Salivary glands
49.
The process by which bile acts on fat so enzymes can attack the fat is known as
a.
condensation.
b.
emulsification.
c.
enzymification.
d.
phosphorylation.
50.
A solution with a pH of 7 is how many times more alkaline than one with a pH of 6?
a.
1
b.
5
c.
10
d.
100
The purpose of bicarbonate in the digestive process is to
a.
raise the pH of chyme.
b.
lower the pH of chyme.
c.
hydrolyze large peptides.
d.
provide a little fizz in your life.
51.
52
After the pancreatic juices have mixed with chyme in the small intestine, which of the
following describes the pH of the resulting mixture?
a.
Very acidic
b.
Moderately acidic
c.
Strongly alkaline
d.
Approximately neutral
53.
Which of the following would not be acted upon by pancreatic juice secreted into the
intestinal tract?
a.
Fats
b.
Fiber
54.
55.
56.
57.
c.
Proteins
d.
Carbohydrates
Which of the following is not a component of pancreatic juice?
a.
Bile
b.
Water
c.
Lipase
d.
Sodium bicarbonate
The colonic fermentation of certain fibers produces all of the following except
a.
gas.
b.
water.
c.
secretin.
d.
small fat fragments.
What is one function of the gallbladder?
a.
Stores bile
b.
Produces bile
c.
Reabsorbs water and salts
d.
Performs enzymatic digestion
An example of an important function of the colon would be its absorption of
a.
bile.
b.
fats.
c.
salts.
d.
hormones.
58.
Which of the following is not a typical component of stools?
a.
Water
b.
Fiber
c.
Starch
d.
Bacteria
59.
Which of the following classes of nutrients requires the least amount of digestion?
a.
Lipids
b.
Proteins
c.
Vitamins
d.
Carbohydrates
60.
Which of the following nutrients requires the least amount of digestion?
a.
Starch
b.
Calcium
c.
Animal fats
d.
Animal proteins
Which of the following is a significant property of dietary fiber?
a.
Inhibits protease activity
b.
Promotes water retention of stools
c.
Inhibits large intestinal contractions
d.
Promotes vitamin excretion in stools
Which of the following is generally not digested but does stimulate intestinal muscle
contractions?
a.
Bile
b.
Fiber
c.
Starch
d.
Amylase
61.
62.
63.
What is the function of bile?
a.
Emulsifies fats
b.
Initiates digestion of protein
c.
Enhances absorption of complex carbohydrates
d.
Protects the stomach and small intestine from the action of hydrochloric acid
Questions for Section 3.2 Absorption
64.
Which of the following is an important function of the intestinal villi crypts?
a.
Synthesis of chylomicrons
b.
Secretion of juices into the small intestine
c.
Synthesis of fragments of fat for use by the colon
d.
Transport of fat-soluble nutrients into the circulation
65.
What is the name of the projections on the inner surface of the small intestine?
a.
Villi
b.
Cilia
c.
Mesenteric vessels
d.
Vascular projectiles
66.
Which of the following is a function of the intestinal microvilli?
a.
Secretion of bile salts
b.
Secretion of digestive acid
c.
Transport of nutrient molecules
d.
Transport of pancreatic enzymes
67.
What is the primary site for absorption of nutrients?
a.
Crypt
b.
Villus
c.
Microvillus
d.
Macrovillus
68.
Which of the following are found on the microvilli and function to break apart small nutrients
into the final products of digestion?
a.
Mucus
b.
Micelles
c.
Enzymes
d.
Hormones
Absorption of nutrients by intestinal cells occurs by all of the following mechanisms except
a.
diffusion.
b.
transmigration.
c
active transport.
d.
facilitated diffusion.
After sitting through a two-hour lecture in math, your stomach is growling. You have just
learned about surface area and its role in mathematics. Your classmate points out that
surface area is also an integral part of the absorption of nutrients
a.
due to the makeup of the gastric mucosa.
b.
due to the relatively large size of food protein molecules.
c.
through the presence of the enormous number of villi and microvilli.
d.
resulting from the large size of pancreatic enzymes on which nutrients become
digested.
69.
70.
71.
To assist the process of digestion and absorption, it is usually best to
a.
eat several snacks per day so the system is not overwhelmed.
b.
combine different food types to enhance the absorption process.
c.
avoid eating meat and fruit at the same meal to prevent competition.
d.
take enzyme pills or powder periodically so the system can rest and rejuvenate.
72.
When nutrients are transported from intestinal epithelial cells to the vascular system, what
organ is first to receive them?
a.
Liver
b.
c.
d.
73.
Heart
Lungs
Kidneys
Which of the following products of digestion is not normally released directly into the
bloodstream?
a.
Fats
b.
Minerals
c.
Vitamin C
d.
Carbohydrates
Questions for Section 3.3 The Circulatory Systems
74.
What is the first vessel to receive absorbed water-soluble vitamins?
a.
Hepatic vein
b.
Mesenteric vein
c.
Mesenteric artery
d.
Hepatic portal vein
75.
What vessel carries blood from the liver to the heart?
a.
Aorta
b.
Hepatic vein
c.
Thoracic duct
d.
Hepatic portal vein
The hepatic portal vein empties into the
a.
liver.
b.
heart.
c.
pancreas.
d.
hepatic vein.
Exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste materials takes place across the walls of small
vessels called
a.
ducts.
b.
venules.
c.
arterioles.
d.
capillaries.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
When alcohol and barbiturates are ingested, they are absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract
and transported first to the
a.
liver.
b.
heart.
c.
spleen.
d.
kidneys.
Which of the following conducts lymph into the vascular system?
a.
Villi
b.
Mesentery
c.
Subclavian vein
d.
Common bile duct
Which of the following is a feature of the lymphatic system?
a.
It carries fats away from the intestines
b.
It contains a fluid with a composition similar to pancreatic fluid
c.
It circulates via a one-way pump at the junction to the subclavian vein
d.
It serves to transport fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins to the vascular
system
81.
What is the first major organ to receive nutrients that are absorbed into the lymph?
a.
Liver
b.
Heart
c.
Spleen
d.
Pancreas
82.
What are lacteals?
a.
Gastric secretory cells
b.
Products of milk digestion
c.
Intestinal lymphatic vessels
d.
Products of colonic fermentation
83.
Immediately after absorption, what circulatory system carries the fat-soluble vitamins and
large fats?
a.
Vascular
b.
Mesenteric
c.
Lymphatic
d.
Enterohepatic
Questions for Section 3.4 The Health and Regulation of the GI Tract
84.
The living bacteria found in yogurt are known as
a.
probiotics.
b.
prebiotics.
c.
postbiotics.
d.
zymobiotics.
85.
Microorganisms in food that are viable when consumed and that are beneficial to health are
known as
a.
probiotics.
b.
prebiotics.
c.
postbiotics.
d.
zymobiotics.
86.
When consumed on a regular basis, which of the following foods promotes healthful changes
of the microflora of the GI tract?
a.
Fish
b.
Yogurt
c.
Poultry
d.
Iron-rich foods
The intestinal flora are comprised primarily of
a.
villi.
b.
bacteria.
c.
mucosa.
d.
probiotics.
87.
88.
What is the primary role of the normal, thriving intestinal bacterial population?
a.
Helps degrade meat and dairy proteins
b.
Helps prevent infectious bacteria from attacking the system
c.
Synthesizes vitamin D, which can be absorbed into the body
d.
Synthesizes several amino acids which can be absorbed into the body
89.
Which of the following is known to be produced by small intestinal bacteria?
a.
Mucus
b.
Chyme
c.
Glucose
d.
Vitamins
90.
The maintenance of the body’s constant internal conditions is guided by the principle known
as
a.
homeostasis.
b.
bios systems.
c.
central control.
d.
hormone balance.
91.
What two systems coordinate all digestive/absorptive processes?
a.
Enzyme and thoracic
b.
Portal and lymphatic
c.
Nervous and endocrine
d.
Transport and circulatory
92.
What is the normal pH of stomach juice?
a.
0.25-0.50
b.
1.5-1.7
c.
7.0-7.5
d.
9.5-9.75
Which of the following regulates the pH of the stomach?
a.
Gastrin
b.
Insulin
c.
Secretin
d.
Cholecystokinin
Which of the following substances functions to control the release of hydrochloric acid to
prevent excessive acidity?
a.
Fiber
b.
Gastrin
c.
Secretin
d.
Bicarbonate
93.
94.
95.
Which of the following stimulates the pancreas to release bicarbonate-rich juice?
a.
Gastrin
b.
Secretin
c.
Glucagon
d.
Gastric-inhibitory peptide
96.
Which of the following is a characteristic of pancreatic digestive enzyme function?
a.
The major hormone controlling the release of pancreatic enzymes is gastrin
b.
The release of pancreatic enzymes is controlled primarily by a pancreatic
sphincter
c.
The pancreas can increase the activity of fat-degrading enzymes in response to
more fat in the diet
d.
In general, the amounts of digestive enzymes secreted by the pancreas remain c
onstant over a wide range of nutrient intakes
97.
Which of the following nutrients requires the greatest time for digestion?
a.
Fats
b.
Water
c.
Minerals
d.
Carbohydrates
98.
What is/are the primary target organ(s) for the action of cholecystokinin?
a.
Pancreas only
b.
Stomach only
c.
Gallbladder only
d.
Gallbladder and pancreas
99.
The chief functions of cholecystokinin include all of the following except
a.
triggering release of bile.
b.
slowing GI tract motility.
c.
triggering release of gastrin.
d.
triggering release of pancreatic fluid.
100.
What are the usual consequences of removing a diseased gallbladder?
a.
Inability to digest fats
b.
Some damage to the pancreas
c.
Inability to digest carbohydrates
d.
Delivery of bile directly to the duodenum
101.
Jenny has just has undergone a cholecystectomy. After recovery, Jenny will no longer
a.
be able to manufacture bile.
b.
have an extra reservoir for bile.
c.
be able to digest carbohydrates.
d.
have an extra reservoir for pancreatic juices.
102.
The presence of fat in the intestines stimulates cells of the intestinal wall to release
a.
lipase.
b.
gastrin.
c.
secretin.
d.
cholecystokinin.
103.
Nancy is having difficulty digesting fatty foods. After seeing her doctor, who found no
evidence of inflammation, she says that she must now see a specialist to determine why
she is having trouble releasing bile from her gallbladder. What hormone is most likely
functioning improperly for Nancy?
a.
CCK
b.
Gastrin
c.
Secretin
d.
Lipostimulin
What substance controls the release of bile into the small intestines?
a.
Gastrin
b.
Secretin
c.
Prozymogen
d.
Cholecystokinin
104
105.
What is a zymogen?
a.
An intestinal hormone
b.
An inactive enzyme precursor
c.
A defective pancreatic enzyme
d.
An inflamed small intestinal outpocketing
106.
Which of the following is associated with the presence of fat in the GI tract?
a.
Inhibition of mucosal enzyme activities
b.
Slowing of the process of digestion and absorption
c.
Inhibition of thiamin, riboflavin, and niacin absorption
d.
Stimulation and hastening of digestion and absorption
107.
The chief purpose of the gallbladder is to store a substance that is required for the assimilation
of dietary
a.
fats only.
b.
carbohydrates only.
c.
fats and carbohydrates only.
d.
proteins, fats, and carbohydrates.
108.
All of the following are important enterogastrone hormones except
a.
pepsin.
b.
secretion.
c.
cholecystokinin.
d.
gastric-inhibitory peptide.
109.
A decrease in the flow of blood to the intestines is known as
a.
gut stasis.
b.
gut dysmotility.
c.
intestinal stroke.
d.
intestinal ischemia.
Questions for Section 3.5 Common Digestive Problems
110.
Which of the following results from reverse peristalsis?
a.
Gas
b.
Choking
c.
Vomiting
d.
Diarrhea
111.
What is the very first thing you should do if you suspect someone is choking on food?
a.
Perform the Heimlich maneuver
b.
Strike the person sharply on the back
c.
Attempt to dislodge the food with your fingers
d.
Ask the person to make sounds from the throat
Choking occurs when a piece of food becomes firmly lodged in the
a.
larynx.
b.
trachea.
c.
epiglottis.
d.
esophagus.
112.
113.
114.
115.
The Heimlich maneuver may be helpful in conditions associated with
a.
choking.
b.
vomiting.
c.
heartburn.
d.
constipation.
A person with chronic diarrhea is at risk for which of the following?
a.
Dehydration
b.
Constipation
c.
Peptic ulcers
d.
Heimlich’s disease
Inflammation of the large intestine is known as
a.
colitis.
b.
indigestion.
c.
hemorrhoiditis.
d.
acid dysregulation.
116.
What organ is affected by colitis?
a.
Stomach
b.
Pancreas
c.
Gall bladder
d.
Large intestine
117.
Which of the following is a feature of irritable bowel syndrome?
a.
Abdominal discomfort is usually mild
b.
Effective treatment includes peppermint oil
c.
Constipation rather than diarrhea is the major adverse effect
d.
A combination of stress plus certain foods is needed to trigger an attack
118.
A person on a low-fiber diet is at increased risk for experiencing elevated rectal vein pressure
leading to formation of
a.
reflux.
b.
hiccups.
c.
hemorrhoids.
d.
peptic ulcers.
119.
One of the signs of constipation is
a.
increased thirst.
b.
inability to digest fats.
c.
less than 1 bowel movement per day.
d.
fewer than 3 bowel movements per week.
120.
People are said to be constipated when they experience
a.
painful or difficult bowel movements.
b.
reflux more than three times a month.
c.
more than a day without a bowel movement.
d.
soft or watery bowel movements with little notice.
Colonic irrigation is a popular practice for treatment of
a.
belching.
b.
constipation.
c.
rapid peristalsis.
d.
explosive diarrhea.
121.
122.
Therapy for constipation would include all of the following except
a.
increasing water intake.
b.
decreasing fiber intake.
c.
increasing physical activity.
d.
responding promptly to the defecation signal.
123.
Which of the following is most likely to result from insufficient intake of fiber?
a.
Diarrhea
b.
Bloating
c.
Constipation
d.
Pancreatitis
124.
In general, which of the following is associated with the fewest adverse effects from the
treatment of constipation in adults?
a.
Taking an enema
b.
Taking a laxative
c.
Ingestion of prunes
d.
Ingestion of mineral oil
125.
Which of the following is a common cause of constipation?
a.
b.
c.
d.
High-fat diet
High-carbohydrate diet
Lack of physical activity
Excessive mineral oil intake
126.
All of the following dietary measures are known to help relieve constipation except
a.
eating fiber.
b.
eating prunes.
c.
eating less fat.
d.
drinking more water.
127.
What is the primary cause for belching?
a.
Swallowing air
b.
Viral infections
c.
Eating spicy foods
d.
Drinking alcoholic beverages
128.
All of the following are common causes of heartburn except
a.
eating too slowly.
b.
drinking too much.
c.
wearing tight clothes.
d.
bending over after a meal.
129.
Jim went for his annual medical check-up and was diagnosed with heartburn. Which of the
following actions is most likely causing Jim’s condition?
a.
Inhibition of peristalsis
b.
Overactive cardiac sphincter activity
c.
Overactive pyloric sphincter activity
d.
Defective lower esophageal sphincter activity
130.
Holding the breath for as long as possible is considered an effective treatment for
a.
colitis.
b.
hiccups.
c.
belching.
d.
gastro-esophageal reflux.
131.
People who have frequent, regular bouts of heartburn and indigestion have a medical condition
known as
a.
colitis.
b.
watery stools.
c.
lymphatic malabsorption.
d.
gastroesophageal reflux.
132.
Which of the following is a prominent feature of the expulsion of gas from the anus?
a.
It is normal
b.
It can usually be reduced by increasing fiber intake
c.
It is usually worsened by consuming foods rich in fats
d.
The gas expelled is composed mostly of sulfur dioxide
133.
Antacids were originally developed to treat
a.
excessive gas.
b.
acid indigestion.
c.
excessive belching.
d.
active ulcers in the stomach.
134.
Which of the following nutrients is most associated with increased production of intestinal gas?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Iron
Fats
Proteins
Carbohydrates
135.
Untreated gastroesophageal reflux increases the risk for the more serious condition known as
a.
Graves’ disease.
b.
Sinclair’s gastrum.
c.
Barrett’s esophagus.
d.
Zollinger-Ellison cancer.
136.
The primary treatment for ulcer caused by the presence of H. pylori is
a.
fiber.
b.
surgery.
c.
antacids.
d.
antibiotics.
All of the following are features of stomach acid except
a.
its secretion is stimulated by ingestion of regular coffee.
b.
its secretion is stimulated by ingestion of decaffeinated coffee.
c.
it destroys most of the bacteria entering the stomach from food ingestion.
d.
its potentially destructive action on stomach cells is prevented by the presence of
bile.
137.
138.
All of the following are important issues in the treatment or management of existing ulcers
except
a.
alcohol intake should be curtailed.
b.
antibiotics are frequently administered.
c.
gastric acid release should be suppressed.
d.
anti-inflammatory drug use should be curtailed.
139.
A peptic ulcer resides in the
a.
stomach only.
b.
duodenum only.
c.
stomach or duodenum only.
d.
esophagus and stomach only.
140.
All of the following are the chief causes of ulcers except
a.
H. pylori infection.
b.
excessive caffeine consumption.
c.
regular use of anti-inflammatory drugs.
d.
disorders that cause high gastric acid output.
141.
A person with chronic GI bleeding is at risk for deficiency of
a.
HCl.
b.
iron.
c.
bile.
d.
protein.
All of the following are major causes of ulcer formation except
a.
bacterial infection.
b.
excessive use of antacids.
c.
excessive gastric acid secretion.
d.
use of certain anti-inflammatory medicines.
142.
143.
Which of the following is least likely to aggravate an existing ulcer?
a.
Beer
b.
Raw carrots
c.
Regular coffee
d.
Decaffeinated coffee
144.
The organism H. pylori has been identified as one of the major causes of
a.
hiccups.
b.
hemorrhoids.
c.
diverticulosis.
d.
gastric ulcers.
145.
The most common cause for the development of ulcers is
a.
infection from H. pylori.
b.
excessive consumption of spicy foods.
c.
failure to adapt to a high-stress lifestyle.
d.
prolonged excessive consumption of hot beverages.
Matching
01.
02.
03.
04.
05.
06.
07.
08.
09.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
Prevents food from entering the windpipe when swallowing
Organ that stores lymph cells
Controls the entry of chyme into the duodenum
Controls the entry of chyme into the colon
Enzyme that digests starch
Substance that helps make or break a chemical bond
A component of gastric juice
Organ that releases bile into intestines
Organ that synthesizes bile
Fingerlike projection of small intestinal lining
Type of cell that secretes mucus
Absorption mechanism that requires energy
Absorption mechanism that does not require energy
Connects an artery to a vein
Vessel that carries blood from liver to heart
Vessel that carries blood from GI tract to liver
Carries fat-soluble vitamins
Hormone that signals release of pancreatic bicarbonate
Hormone that triggers release of gastric acid
Hormone that signals release of bile
Liver
Villus
Goblet
Pylorus
Enzyme
Gastrin
Secretin
H.
I.
J.
K.
L.
M.
N.
Capillary
Appendix
Diffusion
Epiglottis
Gallbladder
Carbohydrase
Hepatic portal vein
O
P.
Q
R.
S.
T.
Hepatic vein
Ileocecal valve
Cholecystokinin
Active transport
Hydrochloric acid
Lymphatic system