Download 2nd 6 weeks Review Cell Theory Three Parts All living things

2nd 6 weeks Review
Cell Theory
Three Parts
1. All living things contain at least one cell
2. Cells are the smallest structural and functional units of life
3. Cells can only come from pre-existing cells
Modern
1. The cell contains hereditary information (DNA) which is passed on
from cell to cell during cell division
2. All cells are basically the same in chemical composition (what they are
made up of) and metabolic activities (what they do)
3. All basic chemical and physiological functions are carried out inside the
cells (movement, digestion, respiration, protein synthesis, response to
stimuli, etc.)
4. Cell activity depends on the activities of sub-cellular structures within
the cell (organelles, nucleus, plasma membrane)
Names to Know: Redi, Leeuwenhoek, Hooke, Spallanzani, Pastuer,
Schleiden, Schwann, Virchow
Levels of Organization
Least to greatest: atom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ
system, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere
Genetic Material
Base pairs – The “steps” in the molecule
DNA – The twisted ladder, molecule
Gene – Enough DNA to code for one characteristic or trait
Chromosomes - 1,000s of genes together, passed on to offspring during
reproduction, stored in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells
Heredity - The passing of traits from parent to offspring
Genetics – The study of heredity
Names to Know – Rosalind Franklin, James Watson, Francis Crick
Homeostasis
Homeostasis describes an environment that supports the survival of cells.
All of your body systems work together to maintain a balance, a sameness
(homeostasis) inside your body. Homeostasis is achieved by making sure
the temperature, pH (acidity), oxygen, glucose and countless other factors
are set just right for your cells to survive.
Stimulus – any change in an organism’s environment that causes the
organism to react.
Response – how an organism reacts to a stimulus and results in a
change of behavior
Cells
Cell membrane – controls what enters and exits the cell
Cell wall – provides strength and shape to plant cells (plant cell only)
Nucleus – were genetic material is stored. Directs the activities of the cell.
Cytoplasm – the flowing, jelly-like material where other cell organelles are
located
Mitochondrion – the cell organelle that produces energy used within the
cell.
Chloroplast – organelle that contains chlorophyll and where plat cell
photosynthesis occurs (plant cells only)
Vacuole – storage organelle for the cell. Stores items such as water, food,
wastes and proteins. Large in plants and provides a supporting structural
role. Small and numerous in animal cells.
Prokaryotic – cells that do not contain a nucleus
Eukaryotic – cells that contain a nucleus and other membrane-bound
organelles
Turgor Pressure
Also called turgidity, is the main pressure of the cell contents against the cell
wall in plant cells. Turgid plant cells contain more water than flaccid cells and
exert a greater pressure on its cell walls.
See the diagram in your spiral.