Download human phys - AP Bio Take 5

Review Sheet – Muscles
1.
What % of the body weight is skeletal muscle? __________ what % is smooth / cardiac
muscle? __________
2.
Fascia is connective tissue. List two of its functions in muscle. ____________________
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3.
How is a tendon formed? ___________________________________________________
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4.
How does a tendon attach a muscle to a bone? ________________________________
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5.
What is an aponeurosis and what is its function? ________________________________
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6.
What is epimysium and where is it located? ____________________________________
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7.
Where is the perimysium located and what is its function? ________________________
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8.
What are fascicles and what do they contain?___________________________________
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9.
Define each of the following: A). muscle fiber _______________ B). sarcolemma ______
___________________________ C). sarcoplasm _______________________________
D). endomysium __________________________________________________________
E). myofibrils _____________________________________________________________
F). actin & myosin filaments _________________________________________________
10.
Sarcoplasmic reticulum is similar to the ___________________________ found in other
cells. What does it store and how does it function. _______________________________
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11.
Explain the structure of a myosin filament. _____________________________________
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12.
Explain the structure of an actin filament. ______________________________________
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13A. What is the name of the contraction unit in a muscle fiber and what are its boundaries?
_______________________________________________
B. Will a muscle fiber have more than one of these units? ____________
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14.
What happens to the nerve once it reaches the muscle? _________________________
15.
What is the neuromuscular (myoneural) junction? _______________________________
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16.
What is a motor unit and how do the muscle fibers within the unit function? __________
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17.
Compare the contractions of a motor unit that contains 10 fibers, to the contractions of a
motor unit that contains 200 fibers. ___________________________________________
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18.
Do all muscles contract at the same rate of speed? ___________
19.
What is the difference between an isometric and an isotonic contraction? ____________
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20.
What is a motor end plate and where is it located? ______________________________
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21.
Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter. Where is it stored and what causes its release?
________________________________________________________________________
22.
During the contraction of a muscle fiber:
A. How is the muscle impulse created, where does it go and what is released? __________
________________________________________________________________________
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B. Explain the function of Ca++ and tell why this is important. _________________________
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C. What do the myosin filaments do to the actin filaments? __________________________
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D. What enzyme breaks down acetylcholine and why is this important? ________________
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E. Why do the Ca++ return to the sarcoplasmic reticulum and why does the muscle relax
when they return? ________________________________________________________
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F. What type of molecule provides the energy for contraction? ________________
23.
What is the difference between the origin and the insertion of a muscle? _____________
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24.
Name and give the functions of the four fiber patterns found in muscle. ______________
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25.
What is tetanus and what causes the condition? ________________________________
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