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Circulatory System, Respiratory System, and Excretory System, Scientific
Method
1) Identify each of the numbered structures of the
respiratory system.
A: trachea
C: lung
B: bronchi
D: diaphragm
2) Explain what is happening in the diagrams below:
PA is carrying deoxygenated blood to the lungs. PAcapillariescarbon
dioxide diffused into the alveolioxygen diffuses into the capillariesPVein
3) Circle the part of the diagram that shows oxygen poor blood from the body
entering the capillaries surrounding the alveolus.
4) Draw a square around the part of the diagram that represents oxygen –rich
blood in the capillaries returning to the heart.
5) In what part of the respiratory system does gas exchange take place? alveoli
6) What is the main function of the respiratory system? The function of the
respiratory system is to supply the blood with oxygen in order for the blood to
deliver oxygen to all parts of the body.
7) Identify one malfunction of the respiratory system. Provide an explanation of
that disorder, a treatment and/or prevention method. Emphysema is a
condition in which the walls between the alveoli or air sacs within the lung
lose their ability to stretch and recoil. Years of exposure to the irritation of
cigarette smoke usually precede the development of emphysema.
Prevention: abstain from smoking Treatment: steroids, bronchodilator drugs,
medication.
8) *Describe how the circulatory, digestive and respiratory maintain
homeostasis? The respiratory system delivers oxygen to the circulatory
system. Nutrients and gases diffuse from the circulatory system to the cells
so they can carry out cellular respiration. Wastes that are produced through
cellular activities diffuse into the circulatory system and are removed from
the body through the excretory system.
The renal artery transports urea to
the kidneys (urinary system), urea is filtered by the nephron(kidney) and
urine is produced.
9) Define the life function of transport. Absorption and circulation of material
throughout an organism.
10)
Draw and label a diagram of blood.
11)
Name the different parts of the blood and explain the function of each
part.
a) Plasma: transport medium (water, hormones, enzymes, antibodies,
wastes)
b) RBC: oxygen carriers
c) WBC: defenders of the body
d) Platelets- clot wound
12)
What is a major difference between red and white blood cells?
RBC—short life span (120 days), lack nuclei, 44% of blood
WBC- long life span, contain nuclei, less than 1% in number
13)
Exchange of soluble compounds, gases, and wastes through the
intercellular fluid occurs between cells and capillaries
14)
A condition caused by a narrowing of the coronary arteries often results
in pain extending from the chest to the shoulders and arms. This condition is
called angina
15)
Which blood vessel returns blood to the heart? vena cava (veins) **highest
in CO2
16)
After leaving the right ventricle of a four chambered heart, the blood
enters a circulatory pathway known as artery—pulmonary artery
17)
The blockage of one of the heart vessels could result in damage to the
heart wall caused by an insufficient oxygen supply to the heart tissue. This
condition is known a clogged artery
18)
The pulmonary veins contain blood that is returning to the heart from the
lungs.
19)
A function of human blood is to : transport medium, WBC, RBC and
platelets
20)
Through the walls of which blood vessels does gas exchange
occur?capillaries
21)
Which vessels contain valves and transports blood back to the heart?
veins
22)
A blood vessel in a human is described as follows: The vessel shows three
distinct layers of tissue; is round (not flattened) in cross section; the
appearance is somewhat like a “target”. This description would match the
cross section of a arteries
23)
The passage of the end products of digestion into the cells of an organism
is an example of diffusion.
24)
In humans, exchange of materials between blood and intercellular fluid
directly involves blood vessels known as _lymph vessels
25)
Which chamber of the human heart receives most of the blood returning
from the brain? Right atrium_
26)
Blood flow to and from the lungs is referred to as pulmonary circulation
27)
Compared to a drop of blood taken from a vein in the arm, a drop of blood
taken from an artery in the arm would normally contain less_carbon dioxide
and more oxygen.
28)
A stroke occurs in the area of the human body known as brain.
29)
The main blood vessel used for carrying blood away from the heart for
general circulation is the aorta
30)
Backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria is prevented by the
action of valves.
31)
Many end products of digestion leave the digestive system and enter the
circulatory system by the process of diffusion.—small intestine
(villi)capillaries
32)
What is the function of hemoglobin? Iron containing pigment on red blood
cells which transport oxygen.
33)
What is the difference between systemic circulation and pulmonary
circulation? Systemic circulation transports blood through the body systems.
Pulmonary Circulation is circulation to the lungs, returning oxygenated blood
to the heart so that it could be pumped throughout the body. (carry out
systemic circulation)
34)
Circle the part of the diagram that shows coronary circulation. Draw a
square around the part of the diagram that shows circulation to the kidneys.
Draw a diamond around the part of the diagram that shows circulation to the
lungs.
35)
What is atherosclerosis? What are its causes? Its effects? How can one
reduce the risk of getting it?
Name
Description
Athersosclerosis
hardening of the deposits of
lowering the
arteries, and the
cholesterol and
amount of
arteries become
other fatty
high
less narrow and
materials
cholesterol
less elastic;
Cause
Prevention
foods and fat.
36)
Briefly describe pathway of circulation through the human body.
veinsRARVPAlungsPVLALVaortaarteryarteriolescapill
ariesvenules veins
37)
Label the diagram below of the human heart.
38)
Trace the flow of blood through the heart.
C/EDFAIHGB b/dcejihgfa
39)
What is the relationship of the blood vessels in the diagram below?
Arteryarteriolescapillariesvenulesveins
40)
Name one disorder of the circulatory system. Describe the malfunction
and what treatment could be given or how could the disease be prevented.
Name
Location
Explanation
Treatment
Prevention
Heart Attack
Heart
Blocked
Angioplasty;
Low fat diet;
artery leads
stents;
exercise
lack of blood
bypass
flowing to
surgery
the heart
Cardiac
arrest
41)
heart
Heart is not
Angioplasty;
Low fat diet;
pumping
stents;
exercise
blood to the
bypass
body (aorta)
surgery