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The Modern
Middle East
Islamic Iran
In 1953 the US and British helped Muhammad Reza Pahlavi
become the ______ of Iran. Although the shah ____________
and modernized Iran, he ruled as a dictator.
In the 1970s, opposition to the Shah of Iran was led by the
exiled Ayatollah ___________, an Islamic ________________.
Islamic Fundamentalism – a return to the traditional
beliefs and values of Islam; anti-Western.
Due to mounting ______________ the shah fled Iran in
1979. Khomeini returned to Iran and declared an
___________ republic.
The Ayatollah’s new Islamic government was hostile to
the West, banning books, music, and movies. The
government required strict adherence to _________,
and women were denied __________.
Khomeini’s supporters stormed the US embassy and held 52
Americans __________ for over a year. The hostages were
released when Ronald ___________ took office in 1980.
In 2005 Mahmoud Ahmadinejad was elected president and
is pursuing ___________ technology. Ahmadinejad has also caused tension by
vowing to swiftly ___________ Israel.
Saddam & Iraq
In 1980 Saddam ___________, dictator of neighboring Iraq, attacked
Iran. The eight year _______________ War was a costly
_______________ for both nations.
The US, USSR, West Germany and France gave Saddam
___________, believing him to be the ________ of two evils.
Saddam used poisonous _____ against Iran and Iraqi Kurds.
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In 1990 Saddam invaded ________ and seized its ___ fields. When he refused
to leave President George Bush led a UN coalition in the ___________ War that
quickly liberated Kuwait but left Saddam in power.
After the war the UN sent _______________ to
make sure Saddam destroyed his weapons of mass
destruction (_______). During the 1990s Saddam
expelled the inspectors and broke 17 UN _________.
By 2001 European and US ________________ agencies (CIA) were convinced
Saddam possessed WMD and supported _____________, which led President
George W Bush to seek military action.
Although the ____ did not approve of military action,
the US and its allies invaded and quickly toppled
Saddam’s __________________ in March 2003.
No WMD were found in Iraq, but Saddam was
captured and is on trial for crimes against _______.
The US, its allies, and the Iraqis are currently working to establish
a ______________ amid a violent _______________. There have
been several successful elections with very high voter _________.
Osama & the Taliban
After the Soviets were defeated in Afghanistan the ______,
an Islamic fundamentalist regime, took power. The Taliban
was known for its brutal treatment of _________.
Osama Bin Laden is the leader of ____________, a Muslim
terrorist group. In 1998 Bin Laden declared _________, or
“holy war,” against the US.
Bin Laden was upset that “_________” US troops entered the Muslim holy land
of Saudi Arabia during the Gulf War, killed Iraqi Muslims, and because the US is
allied with __________.
Bin Laden led terrorist attacks against Americans in
__________, two US _____________ in Africa, the USS
________, and the World Trade Center in 1993. He then
moved from Sudan to be with the Taliban in Afghanistan.
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On September _____, 2001, Bin Laden orchestrated
attacks on both World Trade Center towers, the
Pentagon, and the US Capitol. Planes were
________________ and flown into their targets. The
plane bound for the Capitol crashed in a field.
Refusing to give up Bin Laden, the US and its allies
defeated the Taliban in several _________. A
_________________ was established, but Bin Laden
eludes capture by hiding in mountain ________.
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