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The following is not meant as a handout for your students! It is meant solely as an educational resource for teachers needing to review this particular grammar topic before teaching their lessons! NOTE TO TEACHERS: The four main parts of speech are: Nouns - depicts a person, place, or thing Verbs - depicts an action Adjectives - describes a noun Adverbs - describes a verb We can change the meaning or part of speech of a word by adding prefixes or suffixes. Example: Adding the prefix “in-”or “un-” to a word can make the word negative. Positive - She is happy. Negative - She is unhappy. Example: Adding the suffix “–ful” to the verb "play" changes it to the adjective "playful." The girls play. The girls are playful. The following is a list of prefixes & suffixes that are commonly used to create the four main parts of speech. Part of Speech Prefixes -ion, -ment, -ance, -ness, -er Noun Verb Suffixes en-, be-, de- -ify, -en, -ate, -ize Adjective -ing, -ous, -y, -ful, -fic, -ic, -ate, -ish, -ary, -ive, -able Adverb -ly, -wise, -ward Not every Prefix and/or Suffix can be added to every word! Example: Adding the suffix “-ful” to a verb can make it an adjective, but this is not true for all verbs. You can add “-ful” to the verb "thank" to make it the adjective "thankful”. You can’t add “-ful” to the verb "talk" to make it the adjective "talkful”. From the paper, “THE FORM CLASSES”, by Sherri Byrd, located at: http://www.uncp.edu/home/canada/work/caneng/formclas.htm. Fifteen Common Prefixes The following tables and tip are adopted from Grammar and Composition by Mary Beth Bauer, et al. Prefix ad- Meaning to, toward circum- around, about com- with, together de- away from, off dis- away, apart ex- from, out in- not in- in, into inter- between mis- wrong post- after re- back, again sub- beneath, under trans- across un- not Ten Common Suffixes Suffix -able (-ible) Meaning capable of being -ance (-ence) the act of -ate making or applying -ful full of -ity the state of being -less without -ly in a certain way -ment the result of being -ness the state of being -tion (-ion, -sion) the act of or the state of being From the paper, “THE FORM CLASSES”, by Sherri Byrd, located at: http://www.uncp.edu/home/canada/work/caneng/formclas.htm.