Download Organic Chemistry Study Questions

Name___________________________ Date______________ Period________
Study Guide:
Chemistry of Biology
Part 1 Basic Chemistry:
-Know how to define and apply the following terms:
-element
-ionic bond
-compound
-covalent bond
-molecule
-hydrogen bond
- ion
-chemical formula
-acid
-structural formula
-base
-organic compound
-pH
-inorganic compound
-neutralization reaction
questions:
a. What is the difference between a covalent bond and an ionic bond?
b. Write the chemical formula for water then draw the structural formula for water.
c. What is the difference between an organic compound and an inorganic compound?
Give two examples of each.
d. What elements are found in the greatest percentages in living things?
e. Describe the pH scale. What is the range? What pH values are acidic, basic and
neutral?
f. What happens to the pH if you mix equal amounts of a strong acid with a strong base?
g. When acids are mixed with water, what positive ion is produced?
h. When bases are mixed with water, what negative ion is produced?
i. What is the difference between a polar molecule and a nonpolar molecule?
Part 2 Chemical Compounds of Life:
Know how to define and apply the following terms:
-Carbohydrates
-Polymer
-Lipid
-Saturated fat
-Glycogen
-Glucose
Questions:
-Monosaccharides
-Monomer
-Fatty acid
-Dehydration synthesis
-Cellulose
-Disaccharides
-Protein
-Glycerol
-Hydrolysis
-Peptide bond
-Polysaccharides
-Amino acid
-Unsaturated fat
-Amylose
-Polypeptide chain
a. List three biological polymers and their monomers (building blocks).
b. What is the difference between dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis?
c. What polymers are involved in dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis?
d. Give an example of a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, and a polysaccharide?
e. What is the name of the edible starch found in plants (think potatoes)?
f. What is the name of the inedible starch found in plants (think wood)?
g. What is the name of the starch found in animals?
h. Match each structural component with the type of organic compound that it makes up.
A
B
C)
D)
Phosphate
Sugar
Nitrogenous
base
E)
i. List as many functions as you can for the following:
-carbohydrates -proteins
-lipids
-nucleic acids
j. List and describe the important features of the four levels of protein structure.
Part 3: Enzymes (Organic Catalysts)
Know how to define and apply the following terms:
-enzyme
-enzyme specificity
-enzyme action (activity)
-catalyst
-substrate
-active site
-denature
-enzyme-substrate complex
-activation energy
-coenzyme
Questions: (know how to answer questions from enzyme worksheet!!)
-Answer the following questions based on the diagram below:
a. What is the optimum temperature for this particular enzyme?
b. Why does enzyme activity decrease as the temperature exceeds the optimum temp.?
-Answer the following questions based on the graph below.
Gastric protease
lipase
a. What is the optimum pH for gastric protease and lipase?
b. Why does enzyme activity decrease if the environmental conditions become too acidic
or too basic?
c. Which of these enzymes is most likely to be found in the human stomach? Explain.
-Answer the following questions using the graph below:
a. Describe what happens to the reaction rate as the substrate concentration is
increased?
b. Provide an explanation for this graph.
-Answer the following questions using the graph below:
Enzyme concentration
a. Describe what happens to the reaction rate as the enzyme concentration is increased?
b. Provide an explanation for this graph.