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Download Chapter 14 The History of Life
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Chapter 14 The History of Life 14.1 The Record of Life - early atmosphere probably contained only _____________ and __________ - earth cooled so water vapor could condense around _____ billion years ago - life originated in the oceans between ____ and _____ billion years ago History in Rocks - ______: evidence of an organism that lived long ago. Table 14.1 - ______ fossils: footprints, trails or burrows; indirect evidence - ______: minerals fill a space left by a decayed organism; exact replica - ______: empty space left by organism after it decays - __________: minerals penetrate and replace hard parts of an organism - ______ and _______ fossils: entire organism trapped in ice or sap - ___________: scientist that studies fossils - most fossils are found in ___________ rocks - _________ dating: using the layers of rock to date/age fossils - __________ dating: using the half life of radioactive isotopes to determine the age of a fossil. Potassium 40 (1.3 billion years) and Carbon 14 (5730 years) - ____________________ (figure 14.4): chronology of earth’s history - ___________: bacteria - __________ Era: invertebrates, vertebrates, first fish, first plants, first amphibians, and first reptiles - __________ Era: dinosaurs, 1st flowering plants, 1st birds, and 1st mammals - __________ Era: Golden Age of Mammals, humans evolve - ______________: dinosaurs became extinct in a short period of time - _________________ Theory: Continents broke apart because of plate tectonics 14.2 Origin of Life - _________________: the idea that nonliving material can produce living things - _____________ (1668): Italian physician disproved spontaneous generation, fly experiment figure 14.10 - _____________ (mid 1800s): disproved spontaneous generation of microorganisms by broth experiment figure 14.11 - _____________ (1930s): Russian scientist, 1st hypothesized that life began in oceans by heat, sun, and lightning triggering chemical reactions - ______________ and __________ (1953): figure 14.12, provided evidence that supported Oprin’s theory. Caused amino acids, sugars, and other organic molecules to form by passing an electric current through a mixture of water vapor, ammonia, methane and hydrogen gases. - _____________ (1992): showed how 1st cells may have formed. Heated solutions of amino acids that caused protocells to form - __________: a large, ordered structure, enclosed by a membrane that carries out growth and division - 1st true cells were probably anaerobic heterotrophs then autotrophs like archaebacteria evolved - _____________ (1960s): American biologist came up with endosymbiont theory. - ______________ theory: eukaryotes evolved through a symbiotic relationship between ancient prokaryotes. - Theory support: chloroplasts and mitochondria have their own DNA and ribosomes. They, also, reproduce independently of the cell they are in.
