Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download EES Geology Vocabulary Review Name___________________
Document related concepts
Transcript
EES Geology Vocabulary Review Name___________________ Crust- the outermost layer of the Earth Mantle- the layer of the Earth between the crust and the outer core; this layer makes up most of the volume of the Earth Lithosphere- the rigid crust and outer mantle Asthenosphere- the semisolid (soft, plastic) layer of the mantle Outer Core- the liquid layer of the Earth that surrounds the inner core Inner Core- the solid, dense inner most layer of the Earth Plate Tectonics- theory that the Earth's lithosphere is divided into a number of large pieces which move horizontally over the asthenosphere Seismic waves- waves moving through the Earth that are generated by earthquakes P-waves- primary waves that are the fastest moving waves; they compress rock and can travel through solids and liquids S-waves- secondary waves, arrive after the P-waves; shearing waves that distort rock and travel only through solids Fault- a break in the Earth’s crust along which one body of rock moves past another Surface Waves- seismic waves that travel only along the surface of the Earth Focus- the location inside the crust where an earthquake begins Epicenter- the location on the surface directly above the focus Magnitude- the strength of an earthquake Intensity- a description of the effects of an earthquake Richter Scale- a measure of the magnitude of an earthquake Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale- used to describe the effects of an earthquake Convergent plate boundary- where two plates collide Divergent plate boundary- where two plates move away from each other Transform plate boundary- where two plates slide alongside each other Continental Crust- thicker but less dense regions of the Earth’s crust rich in silicon and oxygen Oceanic Crust- thinner but denser regions of the Earth’s crust rich in iron and magnesium Subduction- occurs when a denser tectonic plate slides under another plate at a convergent plate boundary Minerals- naturally occurring nonliving materials that can be represented by a chemical formula Rocks- naturally formed nonliving solid generally composed of two or more minerals Physical Weathering- breaking down rocks into smaller pieces without changing the chemicals Chemical Weathering- processes that cause rock to undergo chemical decomposition, changing the chemical composition Erosion- movement of soil or rock from one area to another Sedimentary- rock that forms from pieces of other rock Igneous- rock that forms from magma or lava Metamorphic- rock that forms from pre-existing rock that is altered by heat and/or pressure Mafic- rock that is rich in iron and magnesium Intrusive igneous rock- rock that formed from magma that cooled and solidified underground Extrusive igneous rock- rock that formed from lava that cooled and solidified at the surface of the Earth Liquefaction- when seismic waves cause saturated soil to behave like a liquid Lithification- the process by which loose grains of sediment (sand, silt, etc) are converted into rock Ore- rock containing valuable concentrations of a mineral Tailings- waste rock from a mining operation Rare Earth Metals- the 15 Lanthanides (second row from the bottom of the Periodic Table) plus scandium and yttrium Tar Sands- sand mixed with a tar-like bitumen which can be a source of oil Hydraulic Fracturing- injecting water and other chemicals into oil shale to release the natural gas trapped in the shale
