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AP Environmental Science Name: ______________________________ Environmental Laws Directions: Use the textbook and any other source you feel would assist you in this task, to match the following environmental laws found in the table below with their descriptions. a. b. c. d. e. f. g. Kyoto conference Energy Policy Act (1992) Fifra (Federal Insecticide, Fungacide and Rodent Control Act, ’72, ’75, ’78, ’88) Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act (1977) Coastal Zone Management Clean Air Act (’62, ’65, ’65, ’70, ’77, ’90) Lacey Act (1900) h. Migratory Bird Conservation Act i. Montreal Protocol j. Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, 1975 (RCRA) k. Wilderness Act (1964) l. Marine Mammal Protection Act m. National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) n. Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation Liability Act (CERCLA) o. Safe Drinking Water Act Law/ Agreement/ Policy/ Treaty Montreal Protocol Kyoto Conference CITES treaty Marine Mammal Protection Act p. q. r. s. t. Taylor Grazing Act (1943) Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act (1972) U.S. Clean Water Act CITES Treaty Endangered Species Act (’73, ’82, ’85, ’88) Description This international agreement was formulated in Montreal, Canada, in 1987 to phase out the production and release of CFCs and other substances that destroy the stratospheric ozone layer. In 1990 the Montreal Protocol was amended to speed up the phaseout. At this time a fund was also established to help finance the phaseout of ozone-depleting chemicals in developing countries. The Montreal Protocol and its subsequent amendments have been hailed by some as the best example to date of true international cooperation in addressing an environmental problem and taking definite action to correct the situation Global warming greenhouse gas reduction that controls and monitors the international trade in endangered or threatened species of plants and animals (either whole organisms, parts of organisms, or products derived from the organisms). Under the convention, international imports and exports of various endangered, threatened, or potentially threatened species are tightly controlled and limited (in some cases, no trade in certain species is permitted). Countries abiding by CITES annually file reports on animal and plant imports and exports with the CITES organization, For the protection, conservation, and encouragement of international research on marine mammals; established the Marine Mammal Commission. Coastal Zone Manangement The CZMA encourages states to preserve, protect, develop, and, where possible, restore or enhance valuable natural coastal resources such as wetlands, floodplains, estuaries, beaches, dunes, barrier islands, and coral reefs, as well as the fish and wildlife using those habitats. Voluntary, funds available U.S. Clean Water Act -Goals: Safe surface waters (fishing, Swimming), to restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the nations water. -Requires an environmental statement (E.I.S.) for any project which receives federal funding Established policies to prevent damage to the environment and to promote the health and welfare of humans; environmental impact NEPA (National Enviromental Policy Act) statements required for large construction projects regulated, undertaken, or funded by the federal government. The act set up the Council on Environmental Quality as an independent agency in the White House. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was also established by presidential order in 1970 Energy Policy Act (1992) Clean Air Acts ('62 '65 '65 '70 '77 '90) -Extends tax benefits to solar and wind energy industries. Provides a subsidy ($.015 per. kW-h) to utilities for electricity provided by using renewable resources. -Requires 75% of federally purchased cars and light trucks run on fuels such as natural gas, propane, ethanol, or, methanol. -Prohibits oil and gas drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, among others. -Set standards for six ('The Six') criteria pollutants (National Ambient Air Quality Standards) Particulates (PM), Sulfur dioxide (SO2), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Nitrogen Oxides (NOx)*, Ozone (O3), and Lead (PB). -Set Limits od SO2 Emitted by coal-fired (burning) power plants. Established SO2 pollution permits sold on the Chicago Board of Trade. * No2= Nitrogen Oxide, N2O= Nitrous Oxide NO= Nitrogen Dioxide. RCRA (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, 1975) -Requires E.P.A. to I.D. hazardous waste and set standards for there management -Provides Guidelines and money-aid for states with established waste management programs. -Also requires all firms that store, treat, or dispose of more than 100 kg.(220 lbs.) of hazardous waste per month to have a permit stating how much wastes are to be managed. Cercla (Comprehensive Enviromental Response, Compensation Liability Act) - I.D./ Cleanup abandoned hazardous waste dump sites, and linking underground tanks. -"Polluter Pay Principle" Fifra (Federal Insecticde, Fungacide, and - Requires all commercial pesticides to be approved by the E.P.A. for general or restricted use. Rodent Control Act, '72, '75, '78, '88) Lacey Act (1900) Wilderness Act (1964) Endangered Species Act (1973, '82, '85, '88) -Prohibits transportation of live or dead animals or their parts across state boarders without a federal permit. -To preserve large expanses of pristine lands. National Wilderness Preservation system established - Authorizes the (NMFS) National Marine Fisheries Service to I.D. and list endangered and threatened species. - Authorizes the Fish and Wildlife Services (USFWS) to I.D. out list endangered/threatened species which are not under the authority of the NMFS. - These species cannot be hinted, killed, collected, or injured in the U.S. (Over 1,000 animals on the list, with approx. 700 animals outside of the U.S.) Taylor Grazing Act (1943) -Permit required and fees for use of federal grazing lands. -Limits on number of livestock that could be grazed. Surface Mining Control and Reclamation -Requires reclamation of lands mined Act (1977) Migratory Bird Conservation Act Safe Drinking Water Act Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act (1972) -Required waterfowl hunters to buy a federal duck hunting license. -Sale of these permits goes to waterfowl research and purchasing of land for waterfowl refuges. Q.-What type :Economic Solution/Approach" is this? approve areas of land or water recommended by the Secretary of the Interior for acquisition as reservations for migratory birds. Consultation with state and local government is required prior to acquisition. Ensures minimum standards and regulates contaminants in public water supplies The act instructed EPA to establish a national program to prevent underground injections of contaminated fluids that would endanger drinking water sources. Primary drinking water standards promulgated under the SDWA apply to drinking water "at the tap" as delivered by public water supply systems. regulates the ocean dumping of waste, provides for a research program on ocean dumping, and provides for the designation and regulation of marine sanctuaries. Often known as the Ocean Dumping Act, the act regulates the ocean dumping of all material beyond the territorial limit (three miles from shore) and prevents or strictly limits dumping material that "would adversely affect human health, welfare, or amenities, or the marine environment, ecological systems, or economic potentialities."