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World History I SOL Review Guide 2012 Prehistory M, E, P, and J Cont. China Greece Continued Carbon Dating Archaeology Prehistory Fossils Hominids Australopithecines Homo Habilis Homo Erectus Homo Sapien Homo Sapien Sapien Paleolithic Neolithic Agricultural Revolution Nomad Hunter-Gatherer Domesticxation Specialization Civilization Catal Huyuk Book of the Dead Nubia Abraham and Moses Exodus Torah King Solomon King David Diaspora Covenant Ten Commandments Monotheism Purple Dye Phoenician Alphabet Cultural Diffusion Yellow/Huang He and Chang/Yangtze Rivers Middle Kingdom China’s Sorrow Ancestor Worship Loess Oracle Bone Calligraphy Dynastic Cycle Mandate of Heaven Shang, Zhou, Qin, Han Dynasties Silk Road Confucius/Confucianism 5 Basic Relationships Filial Piety Civil Service System Legalism Daoism Yin/Yang Shi Huangdi Great Wall Aeschylus, Sophocles, Hippocrates, Euclid, Pythagoras, Archimedes, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian Columns Parthenon Pelopoennesian War Philip II of Macedonia Alexander the Great Hellenistic Age Mesopotamia, Egypt, Phoenicia and Judaism Fertile Crescent Tigris and Euphrates Rivers Silt Sumer City-State Dynasty Ziggurat Cuneiform Hammurabi Gilgamesh Sarong Polytheism Nile River Cataracts Hieroglyphics Papyrus King Tut Rosetta Stone Menes Hatshepsut Ahmenhotep/Ahkenaton Mummification India (Hinduism and Buddhism) Indus and Ganges Rivers Himalaya and Hindu Kush Mountains Khyber Pass Monsoons Harappa and MohenjoDaro Indo-Aryans Sanskrit Vedas Caste System Varna Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, Sudras, Untouchables Brahman Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva Karma Dharma Samsara Moksha Siddhartha Gautama Four Noble Truths Eightfold Path Nirvana Ashoka Greece Minoans and Myceneans Archipelago Aegean Sea Mediterranean Sea Homer (Illiad and Odyssey) Mythology and Gods Polis Agora Acropolis Aristocracy Oligarchy Democracy Tyranny Sparta Athens Draco and Solon Persian War Marathon, Thermopylae, Salamis Delian League Pericles and Golden Age Rome Alps Romulus and Remus Etruscans and Latins Republic/Representative Democracy Consuls, Senate, and Assembly Patricians and Plebeians Twelve Tables Mythology and Gods Carthage Punic Wars Hannibal and Scipio Causes of Decline of Republic Dictator, Triumvirate Gracchus Brothers, Marc Antony, Octavian/Augustus Pax Romana 5 Good Emperors Hadrian’s Wall Greco-Roman Pantheon Virgil and Ptolemy Arch, Aqueduct, Colosseum Jesus, Messiah, Apostle, Peter, Paul, Clergy, Christianity, Bible Diocletian and Constantine Visigoths Julius Caesar World History I SOL Review Guide 2012 Byzantine Empire Africa, Americas, Trade Constantinople Justinian Theodora Justinian’s Code Hagia Sophia Patriarch Icons Iconoclasts Iconophiles Great Schism Greek (Eastern) Orthodox Roman Catholic Pope Mosaic Liturgy Celibacy Excommunication Secular Cyrillic Alphabet Ghana Mali Songhai Axum Zimbabwe Great Zimbabwe Niger River, Zambezi River, Limpopo River, Nile Animism Timbuktu Mansa Musa Gold-Salt Trade Trans-Saharan Trade Indian Ocean Trade Silk Road Western European Trade Northern Europe Trade Spices, Textiles, Porcelain, Amber, Paper, Waterwheels, Lateen sail, Compass Maya Aztec Inca Chichen Itza Tenochtitlan Machu Picchu Calendars, Mathematics, Record Keeping Quechua Quipu Glyphs Chinampas Islam Muslim Allah Muhammad Mecca and Medina Jerusalem and Damascus Hijrah Qur’an (Koran) Jihad Caliph Sunni and Shi’a Ka’aba Baghdad Mosque Shariah Calligraphy Sunna 5 Pillars of Faith Ali Charles Martel defeated Moors at Battle of Tours Arabic Numerals Universities Algebra Medicine Dome of the Rock Middle Ages and Renaissance Monasteries Charlemagne Charles Martel Secular Feudalism Manorialism Lords Knights Serfs Fiefs Vassals Franks Angles and Saxons Vikings Magyars Hugh Capet Joan of Arc Ferdinand and Isabella Moors Charles V Ivan the Great Tsar/Czar Pope Urban II Saladin Usury William the Conqueror Battle of Hastings Henry II King John Magna Carta Hundred Years’ War Parliament Primogeniture Black Death Niccolo Machiavelli The Prince Leonardo da Vinci Mona Lisa The Last Supper Michelangelo Sistine Chapel David Petrarch Humanism Renaissance Northern Renaissance Johannes Gutenberg Patron Erasmus The Praise of Folly Thomas More Utopia Printing Press De Medici Family Chivalry Tithe Sacraments Vernacular Nationalism Crusades Norman Conquest Domesday Book World History I SOL Review Guide 2012 Prehistory Early Human Characteristics/Abilities Draw a picture… Used stone tools Homo Erectus Why is this time period referred to as prehistory? Humans who walk on two feet are known as _________________. Until the Neolithic or _______________ revolution, when farming was invented, early humans would ___________ animals and ___________ fruits and nuts from plants. Another term for people who perform these acts to acquire sustenance is _____________________. The movement to farming communities meant the taming, or ____________________, of plants and animals for use by humans. It also meant that more food was produced so not everyone had to be a farmer. This allowed people to have variety of jobs such as potter, blacksmith, etc. The idea of having a variety of workers gaining skills in a specific field is known as ____________________________. People who study past cultures by locating and analyzing human remains, settlements, fossils, and artifacts are called _______________________. Aleppo and Jericho are examples of early __________ located in the Fertile Crescent. Identify the picture to the left: World History I SOL Review Guide 2012 Mesopotamia, Egypt, Phoenicia and Judaism How.... Mesopotamia Is like.... Egypt Feature Feature Priest King is like... because… Nile River Valley is like… because… is like… because… is like… because… Both had a form of picture writing used for religious and trade purposes. Ziggurats So what about Phoenicia? What are the three most important things to remember about Phoenicia? World History I SOL Review Guide 2012 River Valley Civilizations Civilization Political (Gov’t and leaders) Economic (Trade, goods, etc) Religion Social (Classes, Pyramid) Mesopotamia Egypt Geography (Rivers, mtns, etc) Indus and Ganges Rivers, Hindu Kush and Himalaya Mountains India China Intellectual (Achievements) Bureaucracy; Civil Service System; Mandate of Heaven; Dynastic Cycle Silk Road; porcelain, paper, silk, compass, iron plow, etc Polytheistic; ziggurats for temples; priestkings as rulers Pharaohs; Priests; Administrators; Scribes; Merchants; Peasants; Slaves World History I SOL Review Guide 2012 Hinduism Buddhism Word Bank: Moksha, Caste System, Anti-Caste System, Started in India, Spread to China, Samsara (reincarnation), Dharma, Karma, Life is suffering, Eightfold Path, 4 Noble Truths, Vedas, Upanishads, Siddhartha Gautama, No Founder, Buddha (enlightened one) Use your Venn Diagram to write a statement of similarity (ex: Both Hinduism and Buddhism …) that identifies two similarities between the two. Also, write a statement of difference (ex: Although/While Buddhism has _______, Hinduism has ________) that contrasts two differences. World History I SOL Review Guide 2012 China Migratory invaders raided Chinese settlements from the north. ____________________ of the ________ dynasty built the Great Wall as a line of defense against invasions. China was governed by a succession of ruling families called ______________. Chinese rulers were considered divine, but they served under the _________________________ only as long as their rule was just. The ____________________ facilitated trade and contact between China and other cultures as far away as ______________. _____1. How did kings in ancient China predict the future? A) oracle bones C) tarot cards B) tea leaves D) reading palms _____2. Which of the following combinations were NOT contributions of classical China? A) Paper and porcelain C) Silk and Civil service system B) Spices and paper D) Porcelain and silk _____3. China got its name from which dynasty? A) Shang C) B) Zhou D) Qin Han _____4. The trade route that connected China with the Fertile Crescent became known as the A) Great Wall C) Camel Connection B) Silk Road D) Han Highway _____5. Which influential Chinese man thought a well-ordered society should be built around the five basic relationships? A) Laozi B) Confucius C) Hanfeizi D) Shi Huangdi _____6. Which of the following was NOT a way in which Confucianism helped form social order in China? A) Belief that humans are good B) Emphasis on education C) Respect for elders D) Strong central government _____7. China was isolated from other civilizations by the A) Hindu Kush, Ganges River C) Hindu Kush, Sahara Desert B) Himalayas, Gobi Desert D) Khyber Pass, Indus River _____8. The river by which China formed as a river valley is known as A) Huang He C) Limpopo B) Indus D) Tigris _____9. Chinese forms of ________________ spread throughout classical China. A) Shinto C) Buddhism B) Animism D) Hinduism World History I SOL Review Guide 2012 Greek Mythology Greek god/goddess Roman name Realm Zeus Aphrodite Apollo Hera Artemis Athena What did the gods/goddesses explain for the Greeks? Historical Tweets: Think about the following people listed below and create historical tweets (140 characters or less) based on what each person is most well-known for. Choose ALL of the famous people for whom to write tweets. Herodotus Socrates Plato Aristotle Thucydides Hippocrates Euclid Pericles Pythagoras Sophocles Aeschylus Archimedes Julius Caesar Gaius Gracchus Octavian Hannibal Scipio Virgil Confucius Laozi World History I SOL Review Guide 2012 1. List the people under their category, and what they are known for. And identify them as Greek or Roman. Herodotus Pythagoras Julius Caesar History - Philosophy - Math - Science - Literature - Drama - Leaders - Socrates Sophocles Octavian Plato Phillip II Virgil Aristotle Homer Euclid Thucydides Alexander Aeschylus Hippocrates Archimedes World History I SOL Review Guide 2012 2. WARS: Fill in the boxes below with who was involved and what happened. Persian Peloponnesian Punic 3. List the following Roman terms under the correct category, and what they are known for. Pantheon 12 Tables Art/ Architecture Roads Forum - Technology - Science - Literature - Religion - Law - Ptolemy Arches Virgil Colosseum Mythology Aqueducts Christianity World History I SOL Review Guide 2012 4. What were the 3 levels of the social structure in Rome? 5. Identify why the leaders below were important/what they were known for. Julius Caesar— Augustus Caesar— Hannibal— 6. What was the Pax Romana? 7. Matching: Reasons for the decline of Western Roman Empire ___ Geographic Size A. Cost of defense; devaluation of Roman currency ___ Economy B. People’s loss of faith in Rome and the family ___ Military C. Difficulty of defense and administration ___ Moral Decay D. Civil conflict, weak administration ___ Political problems E. Non-Romans in Army, decline of discipline ___ Invasion F. Attacks on borders World History I SOL Review Guide 2012 Christianity Holy Book(s): Judaism Bible Zoroastrianism Buddhism Hinduism N/A N/A Vedas and Upanishads Polytheistic or monotheistic? God(s)? Monotheistic Foundations/main beliefs of the religion (for example: 10 commandments) 10 Commandments Life is full of suffering; end suffering by ending desire Four Noble Truths; Eightfold Path Jesus, Abraham, Moses = Prophet Muhammad = Last and greatest prophet Religious leaders and their significance Miscellaneous Information (which civilization, spread to where, etc) Islam Constantine converted to Christianity, Theodosius makes it religion of Rome World History I SOL Review Guide 2012 Byzantine Empire 1. Who moved the Capital from Rome to Byzantium? What did he rename it? 2. What are the 4 main reasons the capital was moved? (besides being on the Bosporus strait) 3. What was happening in Rome? 4. What year was the Fall of Rome? 5. What 2 cultures did the Byzantines want to preserve? What are 3 examples of how they did this? 6. Where did the Byzantines store the knowledge they wanted to preserve? 7. What language did they speak in the Byzantine Empire? 8. Who is the guy pictured below? 9. What did Justinian do to the Roman Laws? The laws became known as “____________________ code” These laws became the basis for what? 10. What large structure below did Justinian build, and why was it important? World History I SOL Review Guide 2012 What form of architecture does it have on top? 11. What happened to trade and the economy under Justinian? 12. What Eastern European civilization did the Byzantines influence? What are 4 ways in which they were influenced? 13. When the Christian church split, what were the 2 sides? 14. Directions: Place the following statements under the correct category of the chart below. Roman Catholic Greek Orthodox Pope is the leader Latin Liturgy Accepted Celibacy Base of power in Constantinople Accepted Icons Patriarch is the leader Greek Liturgy Base of power in Rome Against Icons World History I SOL Review Guide 2012 15. Define the following terms LiturgyPatriarchCelibacyIcon- Mosaic- SchismPope16. Decide if the images below are mosaics, icons or both and why. World History I SOL Review Guide 2012 Islam _____ 1. Medina _____ 2. Mecca _____ 3. Ali _____ 4. Almsgiving _____ 5. Profession of Faith _____ 6. Pilgrimage (hajj) _____ 7. Koran _____ 8. monotheism _____ 9. Islam _____ 10. Muslim _____ 11. Mosque _____ 12. Judeo-Christian _____ 13. caliph _____ 14. Prayer _____ 15. Shi’a _____ 16. Sunni _____ 17. Muhammad _____ 18. Allah _____ 19. Ramadan _____ 20. Ka’aba _____ 21. Hijrah a. The city to which Muhammad fled after being persecuted by the pagans of Mecca b. The death of this man (nephew of Muhammad) led to the schism over political/religious rule of the Islamic civilization. c. A religion based on the teachings of the prophet Muhammad d. The first pillar which announces your submission to the will of Allah and that Muhammad is the last and greatest prophet. e. Square building in Mecca believed by Muslims to be the house Ibrahim erected for God and the focus of Muslim worship f. Islam is rooted in these two religions, as seen by its belief in prophets like Jesus, Abraham, and Moses g. The second pillar which requires Muslims to do this 5 times a day facing Mecca. h. The belief that there is only one God i. The civil and religious ruler of a Muslim state j. The most holy city of Muslims. They take a pilgrimage to it once in their lifetime, if capable. k. Muhammad's emigration with his followers from Mecca to Medina in 622. l. The month in which Muslims conduct their annual fasting from sun up to sun down m. A journey to a sacred place or shrine n. The sacred book of Islam o. A believer in Islam p. Donating a portion of your income to charity each year in order to create a Muslim community. Another pillar. q. A place of Muslim worship r. Founder of Islam, prophet of God s. One who follows the way s and customs of Muhammad, specifically those who accept that authority was passed down through consensus of the Muslim community t. From the Arabic "party;" one who believes that authority passed from the Prophet Muhammad to his lineal descendants u. Arabic word for God World History I SOL Review Guide 2012 Word bank Limpopo Zimbabwe Ghana Egypt Zambezi Mali Nile Axum Great Zimbabwe Songhai Niger Directions: Using the word bank, correctly label the rivers and identify the numbered locations on the map. (space provided on the back) World History I SOL Review Guide 2012 Directions: Using the map provided correctly label numbered locations below, and then answer the questions. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Questions 1. What East African Kingdom was Christian? 2. List the correct chronological order of the West African Kingdoms. 3. Mansa Musa was the king of ______________________ who led a pilgrimage due to his belief in the religion of ___________________. 4. The West African Kingdoms depended on what trade route? 5. What city became a major center of learning and trade in West Africa? 6. Due dependence on geographic features, animals, and nature, many Africans believed in what religion? 7. What were the two main trade items of Africa? World History I SOL Review Guide 2012 Mesoamerica Aztec Inca Yucatan peninsula, rain forest Location Order them (first to last, 1 to 3) Economy 3 Trade and agriculture based Tribute from conquered people Polytheistic Used prisoners for sacrifices Religion Achievements Chinampas – raised fields Floating city Writing Advanced mathematics Gold Fierce warriors Major city Chichen Itza Method of agriculture Other characteristics Maya Tied to their religion Ruled by Emperor Conquered by Cortes and conquistadors Represented by Tenochtitlan Emperor had absolute power Gold and silver Groups of city-states ruled by kings Represented by Chichen Itza World History I SOL Review Guide 2012 Middle Ages Richard the Lionhearted Henry II Mecca Magna Carta Queen Isabella Eleanor of Aquitaine Saladin William the Conqueror Joan of Arc Parliament War of the Roses Battle of Hastings Charles V Hugh Capet King John King Ferdinand Phillip IV common law Ivan III (the Great) Jerusalem Hundred Years’ War Pope Urban II Reconquista Crusades Franks feudalism fief Middle Ages pope Renaissance Patron Michelangelo William Shakespeare Northern Renaissance vassal Charles Martel Angles and Saxons Muslims chivalry Humanism De Medici Johannes Gutenberg Renaissance Man Donatello Treaty of Verdun Charlemagne Vikings Moors manorialism Raphael Machiavelli Erasmus vernacular Petrarch fallow serf Magyars primogeniture knight Secular Leonardo da Vinci Thomas More Italian Renaissance Venice 2. 3. English monarch who marries Eleanor of Aquitaine, and gains half of France’s land. Also, common law begins with his reign. Conflict fought between France and England that helps define both as strong nations within Europe. Spouse of Ferdinand whose marriage unified a previously divided Spanish kingdom. 4. 5. Considered the first czar/tsar of Russia who centralized power. Expanded Spanish Empire into the Western Hemisphere in the 16 th Century. 6. 7. English monarch who signed the Magna Carta at Runnymede. Conflict between the Yorks and Lancasters of England over the throne. This French monarch established the Estates General, much like the British Parliament. This city was the target of the holy wars between the Muslims and the Christians. She was a unifying force for France during the Hundred Years’ War and was later burned at the stake for being a heretic. Document enacted in 1215 that limited a monarch’s power, gave citizens rights like trial by jury and equal protection of the law. Conflict won by William the Conqueror of Normandy in 1066. French Dynasty which lasted from 987 to 1328 CE began with this person. These are a series of holy wars between Muslims and Christians. He called the Christians to aid the Byzantine Empire from Muslim invasion at the start of the 1st Holy War 1. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. This time of transition lasted from about 500 CE until 1500 CE. This man is considered to be the greatest Frankish king because of his ability to unite Europe for the first time in 400 years. 18. These fierce invaders came from Norway, Sweden, and Denmark. In spite of their brutality, they had a somewhat democratic society. 19. Muslims who made their home in Spain. The law in which only the oldest son could receive his father’s land 20. World History I SOL Review Guide 2012 21. This Germanic tribe rose to prominence in Europe. The country of France is named after them. 22. 23. Hero of the Battle of Tours – Nicknamed the “Hammer” The system of exchanging land for loyalty 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. A person who received land from another person was given this title. A land grant The name for the feudal warriors of Western Europe. The economic system of Medieval Europe The feudal European warriors code of conduct The lowest ranking person in Medieval Europe The field on a manor that is without crops so that it can replenish its nutrients for future harvest seasons. 30. 32. Italian artist famous for his statue of David & painting of the Sistine chapel Italian artist who painted the Mona Lisa & the Last Supper 33. A person who excels at many different things including writing, poetry, & music 34. 35. Italian family who supported the arts & dominated politics of Florence in the late Middle Ages The everyday language of the people in a region or country 36. A period of European history known as the rebirth of art and learning 37. A concern for worldly rather than spiritual matters 38. The movement of the late Middle Ages that concentrated on classics and human potential Name given to a person who supported the artists, mainly financially 31. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. Area where artists paid great attention to detail and facial expressions, and painted using oil on canvas. Created the 1st European printing press which made books available to the masses improving literacy. English playwright who transformed classic stories into modern plays – Romeo & Juliet Author of the political novel – The Prince, which outlined how to rule an Italian citystate Founder of Northern Humanism who criticized the church’s spirituality; author of The Praise of Folly Father of Humanism, writer of sonnets about love and life on Earth. World History I SOL Review Guide 2012 Directions: On the back of this sheet correctly identify the civilizations numbered below. Word Bank Ghana Italy Mongols Mayan Inca China Mali England Japan Spain Persia Axum France Egypt Mesopotamia Songhai Byzantine India Greece Aztec Russia Islam Nubia World History I SOL Review Guide 2012 1. 13. 2. 14. 3. 15. 4. 16. 5. 17. 6. 18. 7. 19. 8. 20. 9. 21. 10. 22. 11. 23. 12. World History I SOL Review Guide 2012 Directions: On the back of this sheet correctly identify the geographic features (mountians, rivers, deserts, seas, and oceans) labeled below. Word Bank Yellow Sea Dead Sea Mediterranean Sea Caspian Sea Huang He River Tigris River Zaggros Andes Persian Gulf Nile River Yellow River Euphrates River Himalayas Atlantic Amazon River Limpopo River Sahara Indus River Red Sea Aegean Sea Niger River Indian Pacific Gobi Ganges River Alps Hindu Kush Zambezi River World History I SOL Review Guide 2012 1. 16. 2. 17. 3. 18. 4. 19. 5. 20. 6. 21. 7. 22. 8. 23. 9. 24. 10. 25. 11. 26. 12. 27. 13. 28. 14. 29. 15. 30.
