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Chapter 28 Study Guide: World War II Test Review Vocabulary Depression- a period of low business activity and high unemployment Fascist- a dictator and his or her followers who takes away the rights of the people and glorifies war Anti-Semitism- prejudice against Jews Scapegoat- a person or group blamed for the mistakes and problems of others; Hitler hated the Jews because he blamed them for all that Germany had lost. They were Germany’s scapegoat. Concentration Camp- a prison camp for people thought to be dangerous to a ruling group Genocide- an attempt to kill all the people of a certain race or religious group Holocaust- the killing of Jews and other people by the Nazis Pact- an agreement Blitzkrieg- means “lightning war”- when German armies moved in super fast to take over land Germany Hitler = dictator. Broke the Treaty of Versailles (pact from WWI that made Germany lose money, rights, land, and weapons). No one stopped him. National Socialist party = Nazi party. Hitler told German’s they should fight to get their pride back because they are a “super race.” New German Empire called 3rd Reich. Hitler died two days after Mussolini (April 30, 1945) by killing himself. He hid in a bomb shelter beneath the capital of Germany, Berlin. He and his wife, Eva Braun, were both there and both died. Italy Mussolini = dictator. He and his followers called fascists. He improved road and factories but insisted on absolute rule. Jailed or killed anyone who didn’t obey him. Mussolini went against the League of Nations and attacked Ethiopia in Africa because he wanted more land. No one stopped him. The death of Mussolini came when he tried to escape from Italy at the end of the war. He was captured and was shot without a trial. His body was hung upside down outside a gas station. Japan Tojo was a general who became a dictator. Wanted Asia to be an empire, not a bunch of countries. He invaded China. The League of Nations protested, so he left the League; no one stopped him. By 1938 Japan controlled all of China’s ports and industrial centers (all of their money basically). On December 23, 1948 Tojo was convicted as a war criminal and was hanged. How It Began WW2 started when Germany asked for a bit of Czechoslovakian land and then 6 months later took over all of it. Then attacked Poland by faking that they had attacked a German radio station. Great Britain and France had enough of Hitler taking over land and declared war on Germany Sept. 1939. World War I ended 20 years before WWII began. 1930’s called the Great Depression because of so many broke and jobless American’s. Two Sides Allies (we “ARE” so good!)= America, Russia, England Churchill was prime minister of Britain (England) and told his country they would build an iron curtain, meaning they would make sure no one was going to enter their land. Hitler attacked Britain by air rather than sea since they had a strong Navy. This was called the London Blitz because German’s bombed all day and night, but they still lost! This was their first loss in WW2. Axis (do the “JIG”)= Japan, Italy, Germany Called AXIS because they felt all of Europe (eventually the whole world) should revolve around them Biggest mistake was when Germany entered Russia because, like Napoleon, he didn’t prepare his men with the right warm clothes. When the Allies invaded Italy in 1943, they surrendered. This was the beginning of the Axis end. Even though Italy surrendered, German forces still fought Allies in Italy for another year. Holocaust Hitler wanted to get rid of “the Jewish problem” by killing all Jews. He first just made them slaves in Concentration Camps, later he created death camps. If people were spared execution, they had a horrible life of starvation and slave labor Not only 6 million Jews were killed, millions of Russians, people from Poland, Yugoslavia, and Gypsies were also considered “inferior” to Hitler. United States Enters WWII We were neutral for 3 years. We did not want to fight, but we were sending weapons and food to the Allies. However, when Japan attacked Pearl Harbor in Hawaii we joined the war. On December 7, 1941, Japanese planes sunk or damaged 13 US Ships and 170 US planes. Franklin D. Roosevelt was president at the time. D-Day France had been taken over by Germany early on in the war. The Allies planned to free France in 1944. This invasion of Normandy, France is called “D-Day.” On June 6, 1944, General Eisenhower sent troops up the shore. They tricked the Nazis, who thought they would attack somewhere else. Still Fighting with Japan Even though the war was over in 1944, Japan was still taking over Asian land. Kamikaze pilots became their human bombs and would fill planes with explosives and then crash them onto US ships. The US president, Harry S Truman, made the decision to drop the atomic bomb on Japan as the quickest way to end the war. Japan was warned and wouldn’t surrender. August 6, 1945 the bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, Japan. Three days later another was dropped on Nagasaki. 3 weeks later Japan surrendered. It was their first loss in 2,000 years! How It Ended In December 1944, Germans were defeated at the Battle of the Bulge. 5 months later Germany’s capital was under the Allies rule and Germany surrendered. The war ended May 7, 1945. League of Nations hadn’t really worked, so the United Nations was created. There is a constitution and headquarters are in New York City. Their goal is still to protect world peace.